(1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University,
Taian, Shandong 271018, China)
Abstract： Fault dislocation leads to significant deformation in rock masses, resulting in the damage of deeply buried structures such as tunnels. This study aims to investigate the deformation characteristics of rock masses caused by fault dislocation and the influence of geostress under deep-buried conditions. Using the central Yunnan water diversion project as a case study, a physical model test of deep-buried strike-slip fault dislocation to examine the deformation characteristics of rock masses is first conducted. Subsequently, a nonlocal model for numerical simulation to analyze the impact of geostress on rock mass deformation is applied. The results are as follows: (1) Under fault dislocation, the main fracture develops within the fracture zone, and the fault undergoes shear movement along this main fracture. (2) Rock mass displacement decreases from the footwall to the hanging wall, with displacement distribution showing partitioning near the main fracture and exhibiting an S-shaped pattern. The equivalent strain localization band develops within the fracture zone, and the strain distribution curves exhibit a single-peak pattern. (3) Soil pressure decreases near the main fracture, increases on the footwall, and remains constant on the hanging wall. (4) The nonlocal model effectively reproduces the test results, showing that geostress affects the angle of the equivalent strain localization band and the peak strain. This research enhances the understanding of rock mass deformation under fault dislocation, provides a basis for analyzing the failure characteristics of deeply buried tunnels, and offers guidance for the construction design of cross-fault deep-buried tunnels.
彭建兵，崔 鹏，庄建琦. 川藏铁路对工程地质提出的挑战[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(12)：2 377-2 389.(PENG Jianbing，CUI Peng，ZHUANG Jianqi. Challenges to engineering geology of Sichuan—Tibet railway[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(12)：2 377-2 389.(in Chinese))
[2]
FU P，YIN J M，DING X L，et al. Deformation-strain field characteristics and fault activities in central Yunnan water diversion project area[C]// Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series：Earth and Environmental Science. Beijing：[s. n.]，2020：062029.
[3]
高 波，王峥峥，袁 松，等. 汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J]. 西南交通大学学报，2009，44(3)：336-341.(GAO Bo，WANG Zhengzheng，YUAN Song，et al. Lessons learnt from damage of highway tunnels in Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Journal of South West Jiaotong University，2009，44(3)：336-341.(in Chinese))
[4]
郭婷婷，徐锡伟，袁仁茂，等. 逆断层上覆土层地表破裂影响因素的数值模拟[J]. 地震地质，2023，45(5)：1 200-1 218.(GUO Tingting，XU Xiwei，YUAN Renmao，et al. Numerical simulation of influencing factors of surface rupture in overlying soil layer of thrust fault[J]. Seismology and Geology，2023，45(5)：1 200-1 218.(in Chinese))
[5]
THEBIAN L，NAJJAR S，SADEK S，et al. Numerical investigation of dip-slip fault propagation effects on offshore seabed sediments[J]. Engineering Geology，2018，237：149-167.
[6]
AHMADI M，MOOSAVI M，JAFARI M K. Experimental investigation of reverse fault rupture propagation through wet granular soil[J]. Engineering Geology，2018，239：229-240.
[7]
MORTAZAVI ZANJANI M，SOROUSH A. Numerical modelling of fault rupture propagation through layered sands[J]. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering，2019，23(9)：1 139-1 155.
[8]
YAO C，ZHANG Y，HE C，et al. New insights into normal fault rupture propagation in sand[J]. Acta Geotechnica，2023，18(7)：3 435-3 449.
[9]
SHI J，GUAN L，ZHUANG D，et al. Fault rupture propagation in soil with intercalation using nonlocal model and softening modulus modification[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2023，15(11)：2 973-2 993.
[10]
NG C W W，，CAI Q P，HU P. Centrifuge and numerical modeling of normal fault-rupture propagation in clay with and without a preexisting fracture[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering，2012，138(12)：1 492-1 502.
[11]
ANASTASOPOULOS I，GAZETAS G，BRANSBY M F，et al. Fault rupture propagation through sand：finite-element analysis and validation through centrifuge experiments[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering，2007，133(8)：943-958.
[12]
刘学增，滨田政则. 活断层破坏在土体中传播的试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2004，26(3)：425-427.(LIU Xuezeng，MASANORI Hamada. Experiments on rupture propagation of active faults in soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2004，26(3)：425-427.(in Chinese))
[13]
刘学增，王煦霖，林亮伦. 正断层破坏在砂土中传播规律试验模拟[J]. 工程地质学报，2012，20(5)：700-705.(LIU Xuezeng，WANG Xulin，LIN Lianglun. Modeling test of normal fault rupture propagation in sandy soil[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2012，20(5)：700-705.(in Chinese))
[14]
杨 杰，陈新民，沈 建. 断层错动在砂土中传播规律的模型试验研究[J]. 防灾科技学院学报，2011，13(2)：18-23.(YANG Jie，CHEN Xinmin，SHEN Jian. Model test research of the fault slip spreading rule in the soil[J]. Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention，2011，13(2)：18-23.(in Chinese))
[15]
蔡奇鹏，吴宏伟. 胶结黏土中正断层扩展的变形和孔压变化研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(2)：390-395.(CAI Qipeng，WU Hongwei. Deformation mechanism and variation of pore pressure due to normal fault propagation in cemented clay[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(2)：390-395.(in Chinese))
[16]
蔡奇鹏，吴宏伟，吴宏伟，等. 隐伏裂缝对互层胶结土中正断层扩展影响研究[J]. 岩土力学，2017，38(7)：2 015-2 021.(CAI Qipeng，WU Hongwei，HU Ping，et al. Effects of pre-existing fracture on propagation of normal fault ruptures in layered cemented soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2017，38(7)：2 015-2 021.(in Chinese))
[17]
石吉森，凌道盛，徐泽龙，等. 倾斜场地中逆断层错动对上覆土体影响的模型试验研究[J]. 工程力学，2018，35(7)：194-207.(SHI Jisen，LING Daosheng，XU Zelong，et al. Model testing study on the influence of reverse faulting on overlaying soil under an inclined ground[J]. Engineering Mechanics，2018，35(7)：194-207.(in Chinese))
[18]
WANG T，GENG P，CHEN J，et al. Normal fault rupture propagation in overburdened rock and its impact on the ground deformation profile based on a model experimental approach[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering，2023，169：107865.
[19]
刘小岩，张传庆，史铁勇，等. 跨活断层深埋隧道轴线错动位移模式试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2021，42(5)：1 304-1 312.(LIU Xiaoyan，ZHANG Chuanqing，SHI Tieyong，et al. Experimental study of axis displacement mode of deep buried tunnel across active faults[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2021，42(5)：1 304-1 312.(in Chinese))
[20]
DEL CASTILLO E M，FAVERO NETO A H，BORJA R I. Fault propagation and surface rupture in geologic materials with a meshfree continuum method[J]. Acta Geotechnica，2021，16：2 463-2 486.
[21]
BA?ANT Z P，CHANG T P. Nonlocal finite element analysis of strain‐softening solids[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics，1987，113(1)：89-105.
[22]
PIJAUDIER-CABOT G，BA?ANT Z P. Nonlocal damage theory[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics，1987，113(10)：1 512-1 533.
[23]
LÜ X，ZHAO Y，XUE D，et al. Numerical modelling of shield tunnel face failure through a critical state sand plasticity model with nonlocal regularization[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2023，164：105847.
[24]
姚仰平，武孝天，崔文杰. 基于岩土材料临界状态理论的有限元非局部软化算法——以CSUH模型为例[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2023，42(7)：1 759-1 766.(YAO Yangping，WU Xiaotian，CUI Wenjie，A finite element nonlocal strain-softening algorithm based on the critical state theory for geomaterials：a case study with csuh model[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2023，42(7)：1 759-1 766.(in Chinese))
[25]
FUMAGALLI E. Statical and geomechanical models[M]. Vienna：Springer Vienna，1973：1-2.
[26]
ZHONG Z，WANG Z，ZHAO M，et al. Structural damage assessment of mountain tunnels in fault fracture zone subjected to multiple strike-slip fault movement[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2020，104：103527.
[27]
BLABER J，ADAIR B，ANTONIOU A. Ncorr：open-source 2D digital image correlation Matlab software[J]. Experimental Mechanics，2015，55(6)：1 105-1 122.
[28]
曲 勰，黄茂松，吕玺琳. 基于非局部Mohr-Coulomb模型的土体渐进破坏分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2013，35(3)：523-530.(QU Xie，HUANG Maosong，LÜ Xilin. Progressive failure of soils based on non-local Mohr-Coulomb models[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2013，35(3)：523-530.(in Chinese))
[29]
STRÖMBERG L，RISTINMAA M. FE-formulation of a nonlocal plasticity theory[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering，1996，136(1/2)：127-144.
[30]
LÜ X，BARDET J P，HUANG M. Numerical solutions of strain localization with nonlocal softening plasticity[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering，2009，198(47/48)：3 702-3 711.
[31]
DI LUZIO G，BA?ANT Z P. Spectral analysis of localization in nonlocal and over-nonlocal materials with softening plasticity or damage[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures，2005，42(23)：6 071-6 100.
[32]
ENGELEN R A B，GEERS M G D，BAAIJENS F P T. Nonlocal implicit gradient-enhanced elasto-plasticity for the modelling of softening behaviour[J]. International Journal of Plasticity，2003，19(4)：403-433.
[33]
LIU X Y，ZHANG C Q，XIAO H B，et al. Deformation and failure characteristics of a deeply buried tunnel subjected to creep slip fault movement：based on the engineering conditions of Yunnan water intake project[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2022，81(8)：322.
2025, Vol. 44 
