西部矿区含水层下采动空间矸石注浆间隔充填岩层控制机制研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0096

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摘要现有充填开采技术难以满足西部矿区含水层下高产高效工作面开采的保水和岩层控制需求，主要体现在影响采煤效率和充填材料不足2个方面。因此，亟需创新充填开采理论与技术，以实现采充互不干扰与含水层下安全开采一举双效的目标。基于此，提出采动空间矸石注浆间隔充填方法，研发矸石注浆扩散模拟系统，测试矸石料浆在采动空间中的扩散特征及规律，建立采动空间矸石注浆间隔充填数值模型，研究不同等效充实率时隔水关键层的变形及应力演化规律，揭示了含水层下采动空间矸石注浆间隔充填岩层控制机制。研究结果表明：提出采动空间矸石注浆间隔充填方法及其关键参数，定义等效充实率表征注浆充填体积的大小。矸石料浆在采动空间扩散时，横向扩展和纵向延伸作用显著，料浆横向扩散范围由上至下近似呈线性增长趋势，最终分布形状近似为圆台形。随着注浆压力的增大，矸石料浆的横向扩展与纵向延伸作用均逐渐增强，且横向扩散直径随料浆浓度的增加而减小。随着等效充实率的提高，隔水关键层的减沉率呈指数函数趋势升高，为达到隔水关键层的良好控制效果，等效充实率至少应为70%。此外，矸石料浆与破碎岩体共同构成了力学性能显著增强的承载组合体，该承载组合体通过限制隔水关键层变形、减弱隔水关键层应力集中、降低离层区域连续性，实现含水层下采动空间岩层的控制。研究成果可为西部矿区煤基固废高效处置和含水层下岩层控制提供理论依据。

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	周楠1
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	张吉雄1
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	许健飞1
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	张羽者1
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	李泽君1
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关键词 ：采矿工程, 采动空间, 矸石注浆间隔充填, 料浆扩散模拟系统, 含水层下开采

Abstract：Existing backfill technologies prove insufficient to ensure coordinated water conservation and overburden control requirements for high-productivity longwall mining beneath aquifers in western Chinese coal fields, primarily attributed to compromised extraction efficiency and scarcity of conventional backfill materials. This necessitates innovative advances in backfill theory and technology to achieve non-interference between mining and backfilling, as well as secure mining operations under aquifers in one unified process. This research proposes a method of gangue grouting and interval backfilling in post-mining space. A gangue fluidised grouting diffusion simulation system is developed, and the diffusion characteristics and laws of gangue slurry in the mining space are tested. A numerical model of gangue grouting and interval backfilling in post-mining space is established, and the deformation and stress evolution laws of key aquiclude strata at different equivalent backfilling rates are studied, revealing the control mechanism of gangue grouting interval backfilling for rock layers under aquifers in mining space. The research results demonstrate that the method of gangue grouting and interval backfilling in post-mining space and its key parameters are proposed, with the equivalent backfilling rate defined to characterise the volume of grouted filling. The gangue slurry exhibits significant lateral and longitudinal extension during its spread in the mining space. The lateral spreading range of the slurry shows an approximately linear growth trend from top to bottom, with a final distribution shape resembling a circular table. As grouting pressure increases, both the lateral and longitudinal extension of the gangue slurry are gradually enhanced. The lateral diffusion diameter decreases with increasing slurry concentration. The subsidence reduction rate of key aquiclude strata increases exponentially as the equivalent backfilling rate rises. An equivalent backfilling ratio of at least 70% is required to achieve effective control of the watertight critical layer. The gangue slurry and broken rock body together form a load-bearing assembly with significantly enhanced mechanical properties. This load-bearing combination achieves control of the rock layer in the mining space under the aquifer by limiting the deformation of the waterproofing key layer, reducing stress concentration in the waterproofing key layer, and decreasing the continuity in the separation area. This investigation establishes theoretical foundations for both ecologically sustainable disposal of coal-based solids and reliable water-preserved mining in arid western regions.

Key words： mining engineering post-mining space gangue grouting and interval backfilling slurry diffusion simulation system under-aquifer mining

引用本文:

周楠1，2，张吉雄1，3，许健飞1，2，张羽者1，2，李泽君1，2. 西部矿区含水层下采动空间矸石注浆间隔充填岩层控制机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(7): 1736-1751.
ZHOU Nan 1, 2, ZHANG Jixiong1, 3, XU Jianfei1, 2, ZHANG Yuzhe1, 2, LI Zejun1, 2. Rock control mechanism of gangue grouting and interval backfilling in post-mining space under aquifer in China?s western mining area. , 2025, 44(7): 1736-1751.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0096 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I7/1736

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