Mechanical characteristics response of rock-like specimens with varying numbers of embedded open fractures under cyclic disturbance loading
JIANG Lishuai1, 2, WU Qi2, WEN Zhijie3*, WANG Qingbiao4, WANG Jun4, ZHAO Yang1, 2
(1. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Ecology Protection in Open-pit Coal Mines, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China; 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Control of Dynamic Disaster in Deep Mines, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China; 3. Mining College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; 4. School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Ji?anzhu University, Ji?nan, Shandong 250101, China)
Abstract：Deep underground roadways with surrounding rock that has developed embedded fractures are susceptible to deterioration under frequent and intense dynamic loads, resulting in engineering disasters. To investigate the influence of randomly distributed embedded open fractures on the mechanical characteristics and damage evolution of rock masses under dynamic loading, this study prepared rock-like specimens with varying numbers of randomly distributed embedded open fractures using sand-powder 3D printing technology. Cyclic disturbance loading tests were conducted, and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring technology was employed to analyze the differences in strength and deformation characteristics, AE behaviors, failure behaviors, and energy characteristics of the rock-like specimens with varying numbers of fractures. The damage evolution characteristics of the different specimens were analyzed based on dissipative energy density and AE energy. The results indicate that: (1) The strength of specimens with varying numbers of embedded fractures varies significantly and shows a negative correlation with the number of fractures. The deterioration performance of different specimens during the dynamic load segment differs, with both the average decline rate of the loading modulus and the average growth rate of cumulative irreversible deformation negatively correlated with the number of fractures. (2) Specimens consistently exhibit intensified damage characteristics during the dynamic load segment. The presence of embedded fractures increases the proportion of shear-type cracks, and a higher number of fractures leads to an earlier onset of macroscopic failure. Moreover, the failure paths and final failure modes are significantly influenced by the number of fractures. (3) The average energy dissipation rate during the dynamic load segment exhibits a positive correlation with the number of fractures. Both the proportion of damage during the dynamic load segment and the average damage rate show positive correlations with the number of fractures. The research findings can provide a reference for conducting mechanical tests on fractured rock masses using sand-powder 3D printing technology and serve as a foundational basis for the stability control of engineering fractured rock masses.
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2026, Vol. 45 
