冰岩崩碎屑流堵江及溃坝模型试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0037

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摘要冰岩崩碎屑流形成的堰塞坝是我国西南高寒山区常见的地质灾害。通过大型斜槽试验，研究含冰率与冰岩空间层序对冰岩崩碎屑流形成堰塞体的堆积形态、坝体溃决过程以及稳定性的影响。试验结果表明，冰屑提高碎屑材料的运动性，导致河道的堵塞程度增加；冰屑受到颗粒分选作用影响，主要堆积在堰塞坝的上部与滑坡对岸一侧；冰屑材料聚集处是堰塞坝的薄弱点，由于冰屑在水流冲击下会快速融化，从而增加坝体孔隙率并弱化堰塞坝的抗冲刷能力，导致堰塞坝形成下切更深、宽度更大的溃口，加速坝体的溃决过程。此外，提出针对含冰堰塞坝的无量纲稳定性评价方法( )，评价结果表明堰塞坝的稳定性随着含冰率的增加而呈线性降低。

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	刘大瑞1
	范刚1
	林子钰1
	李从江1
	杨兴国1
	2
	周家文1
	2

关键词 ：工程地质, 冰岩崩碎屑流, 堰塞坝, 成生机制, 溃坝过程, 堰塞体稳定性, 斜槽试验

Abstract：The landslide dams formed by rock-ice avalanches are a common geological hazard in the alpine and cold mountainous areas in the southwest of China. The effects of ice content and spatial location of ice-rock materials on the formation morphology，dam failure process，and stability of debris dams were researched by large-scale flume experiments. The results indicate that ice debris enhance the mobility of debris material，leading to increased blockage in the riverbed. Ice debris are influenced by particle segregation，primarily accumulating on the upper part of the landslide dams and on the opposite bank of landslide. Under the impact of water flow，ice debris within the landslide dams melt rapidly，thereby increasing the porosity of the dam body and weakening the resistance to erosion，resulting in the formation of deeper and wider breach outlets and accelerating the dam failure process. Additionally，a dimensionless stability evaluation method( ) for landslide dams containing ice is proposed. Evaluation results demonstrate a linear decrease in the stability of the landslide dam with increasing ice content.

Key words： geological engineering rock-ice avalanche landslide-dammed formation mechanism breach process landslide dam stability flume test

引用本文:

刘大瑞1，范刚1，林子钰1，李从江1，杨兴国1，2，周家文1，2. 冰岩崩碎屑流堵江及溃坝模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(S1): 101-112.
LIU Darui1，FAN Gang1，LIN Ziyu1，LI Congjiang1，YANG Xingguo1，2，ZHOU Jiawen1，2. Physical model tests on landslide dam caused by rock-ice avalanches. , 2025, 44(S1): 101-112.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0037 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/IS1/101

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