Energy absorption and scour reduction mechanism of filling mining under hard roof in deep mine
TANG Tiankuo1, WANG Fangtian1, 2*, WANG Wenlin1, 3, LIU Guolei4, HAO Wenhua1, LIU Chao1, WU Yu1, WANG Xu1
(1. School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; 2. State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; 3. Shaanxi Huabin Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Xianyang, Shaanxi 713500, China; 4. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China)
Abstract：The deformation and fracture of hard roofs are among the primary causes of impact disasters at working faces, posing significant threats to the safety and efficiency of coal mining operations. This study analyzes the geological conditions of the working face beneath the hard roof of CG1302 in a mine located in Shandong Province, elucidating the processes of fracture and the destabilizing impacts of hard roofs in deep well caving mining. It is established that controlling impact risks associated with hard roofs hinges on minimizing bending deformation, reducing energy accumulation and stress concentration, and preventing the breaking and caving of the hard roof. The mechanisms of energy absorption and impact reduction in deep well filling mining are clarified: the filling material provides support to the hard roof through effective contact, thereby limiting deformation of both the hard roof and the coal-rock mass at the working face. Simultaneously, the filling material absorbs and dissipates a portion of the energy through compressive deformation and plastic damage. A mechanical model of the hard roof under deep well caving and filling mining is constructed, elucidating the bending deformation state, energy accumulation in the hard roof, and the distribution characteristics of compressive strain energy in the coal body. It is observed that the bending moment and energy of the hard roof, along with the energy of the coal body in front of the working face during filling mining, are reduced by 77.61% to 96.98% compared to unfilled mining. The areas at the end of the coal support zone (i.e., 0 to 5 m from the junction) and the middle of the goaf are identified as high-risk zones for bending deformation and energy accumulation in the hard roof. Factors influencing energy absorption and impact reduction in filling mining, such as overburden load, the elastic foundation coefficient of the filling material, the elastic modulus of the hard roof, and the elastic foundation coefficient of the coal seam, are discussed. Notably, the overburden load and the elastic foundation coefficient of the filling material significantly affect the bending deformation and energy accumulation of the hard roof, while the elastic modulus of the hard roof and the elastic foundation coefficient of the coal seam have a lesser effect. The effects of energy absorption and shock reduction at various filling rates were quantified using FLAC3D numerical simulations. As the filling rate increased from 0% to 90%, the maximum subsidence and peak strain energy density of the main roof, as well as the peak strain energy density of the coal body in front of the working face, were significantly reduced, showing decreases of 88.49%, 64.52% and 64.84%, respectively. Furthermore, the peak strain energy density and the range of high strain energy at the working face decreased markedly with increasing filling rates. Filling mining mitigates the bending deformation of hard roofs, weakens energy accumulation, and effectively reduces impact hazards. Combined with field practices and research findings, this study demonstrates that filling mining can significantly diminish the intensity of mine pressure at the working face, facilitating effective prevention and control of rock bursts, thereby providing a scientific basis for the safe and efficient green mining of deep coal resources.
汤天阔1，王方田1，2*，王文林1，3，刘国磊4，郝文华1，刘 超1，吴 渝1，王 旭1. 深井坚硬顶板下充填开采吸能减冲机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(5): 1445-1460.
TANG Tiankuo1, WANG Fangtian1, 2*, WANG Wenlin1, 3, LIU Guolei4, HAO Wenhua1, LIU Chao1, WU Yu1, WANG Xu1. Energy absorption and scour reduction mechanism of filling mining under hard roof in deep mine. , 2026, 45(5): 1445-1460.
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2026, Vol. 45 
