循环荷载下北山花岗岩能量耗散与损伤特征

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0953

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摘要以高放废物地质处置库甘肃北山预选区花岗岩为研究对象，开展三轴循环加卸载试验，探究循环荷载作用下岩石耗散能、摩擦耗能、破碎耗能的演化特征，提出基于破碎耗能的岩石损伤变量。结果表明：依据耗能比曲线和应力–应变曲线演化特征，可将循环加卸载过程划分为初始压密与弹性段、裂纹稳定发育段、裂纹不稳定发育段、峰后不稳定破裂段和残余强度段5个阶段，相应耗能比呈现小幅下降、稳定发展、缓慢攀升、显著上升后趋于平缓的“勺”形演化特征；摩擦耗能比在压密与弹性段小幅下降，在裂纹稳定发育段和裂纹不稳定发育段稳定于较低水平，在峰后不稳定破裂段明显上升，并在残余强度段趋于稳定；破碎耗能比在峰前小幅度增长，在峰后不稳定破裂段初期呈突变式增长后迅速衰落，最终稳定于较低水平；基于破碎耗能定义的损伤变量可以较为合理地描述循环加卸载下花岗岩的损伤发育过程。

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关键词 ：岩石力学, 循环加卸载, 能量耗散, 损伤变量

Abstract：Taking granite in Beishan of Gansu province as the research object，triaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests were carried out. The evolution characteristics of energy dissipation，friction energy dissipation and breakage energy dissipation of rock under cyclic loading and unloading were explored，and a rock damage variable based on breakage energy dissipation was proposed. The results show that，based on the characteristics of the energy dissipation ratio curve and the stress-strain curve，the cyclic loading and unloading process can be divided into five stages such as the compaction and elastic stage，the stable crack development stage，the unstable crack development stage，the post-peak unstable fracture stage and the residual strength stage. Correspondingly，the energy dissipation ratio shows a “spoon” shape evolution of slight decline，stable development，slow increase，significant increase and a stable trend. Meanwhile，the friction energy dissipation ratio decreases slightly in the compaction and elastic stage，remains at a low level in the stable crack development stage and the unstable crack development stage，increases significantly in the post-peak unstable fracture stage and stabilizes in the residual strength stage. Furthermore，the breakage energy dissipation ratio increases slightly before the peak， increases abruptly at the initial part of the post-peak unstable fracture stage and then rapidly declines，and finally stabilizes at a lower level. The damage variable defined in terms of breakage energy dissipation can reasonably describe the damage evolution of granite under cyclic loading and unloading.

Key words： rock mechanics cyclic loading and unloading energy dissipation damage variable

引用本文:

苗胜军1，2，刘泽京1，2，赵星光3，黄正均1，2. 循环荷载下北山花岗岩能量耗散与损伤特征[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(5): 928-938.
MIAO Shengjun1，2，LIU Zejing1，2，ZHAO Xingguang3，HUANG Zhengjun1，2. Energy dissipation and damage characteristics of Beishan granite under cyclic loading and unloading. , 2021, 40(5): 928-938.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0953 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I5/928

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