漂卵石隧道围岩力学响应与失稳破坏机制

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0095

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摘要漂卵石地层主要由漂石、卵石组成，夹杂砂砾石及黏土，胶结性差、开挖极易引起拱部大面积坍塌。为系统研究漂卵石隧道开挖及遇水破坏过程中的围岩力学响应机制与变形发展规律，以西藏某漂卵石隧道为背景，配制满足颗粒级配相似的模型材料，开展无支护条件下隧道开挖室内相似模型试验，分析围岩应力场及位移场的变化规律。结果表明：(1) 隧道开挖后漂卵石围岩具有较好的自稳能力，遇水后围岩自承能力急剧下降，依次形成3次渐进扩展的拱形塌落并且呈尖拱形向上发展；(2) 洞室开挖阶段围岩径向应力松弛显著，一定深度范围内出现环向应力集中；加水后初次塌落前径、环向应力急剧增大而在后期塌落发展阶段拱部围岩径、环向应力不断减小，边墙围岩径向应力呈正弦曲线型变化、环向应力一直增大或先增大后减小；(3) 洞室开挖阶段围岩变形总体较小，监测断面前15 cm和后25 cm范围内开挖引起的沉降占总沉降的90%以上；遇水后拱顶围岩变形急剧增大的范围正好与每次塌落区域相对应，边墙部位在开挖和遇水失稳破坏阶段变形均很小，模型试验与现场监测得到的结果基本一致；(4) 围岩的应力和位移传递是同步进行且相互影响的，失稳破坏过程呈现阶段性的原因正是围岩通过自我调节在洞室周边形成类似拱结构的围岩保护圈，每一次拱结构的形成都对围岩变形发展有一定的阻碍作用且第一次拱结构的阻碍效果要大于后续发展的拱结构。研究结果对于漂卵石隧道支护设计参数的确定与塌方事故的预防及治理具有一定的指导意义。

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	昝文博1
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	秦祎文1
	冯志华1
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关键词 ：隧道工程, 漂卵石地层, 模型试验, 失稳破坏, 围岩应力

Abstract：The boulder-cobble mixed(BCM) stratum is mainly composed of boulder and cobble and mixed with sand gravel and clay，in which the tunnel excavation is prone to cause a large-scale collapse at the arch due to the poor cementation of the BCM stratum. To systematically study the mechanical response mechanisms and deformation laws of surrounding rock during the process of excavation and instability failure，the model materials with similar particle size distribution were prepared based on a tunnel crossing through the BCM stratum in Tibet，and laboratory similar model test was implemented to analyze the stress and displacement fields comprehensively in the case of no support system. The results show that the BCM surrounding rock is of relatively good self-stability after excavation，but the capacity decreases sharply when encountering water. Three progressive arch collapses expand gradually in turn and develop upward in the form of a sharp arch. At the excavation stage，the radial stress relaxation of the surrounding rock is obvious while the circumferential stress concentration occurs within a certain depth range. The radial and circumferential stresses of the surrounding rock increase sharply before the first collapse and decrease continuously at the arch in the later collapse. For sidewall rock，the radial stress almost changes in a sinusoidal form and the circumferential stress increases all the time or increases first and then decreases. At the excavation stage，the deformation of the surrounding rock is generally low，and the settlement within the range from 15 cm in front of and 25 cm in back of the monitoring section caused by excavation accounts for more than 90% of the total settlement. The settlement of the vault increases sharply once encountering water，and the settle zone of the vault is exactly consistent with the collapse area in each stage. However，the deformation of the side wall is insignificant at the stages of excavation and water-induced failure. The results of model test and field monitoring are basically consistent with each other. The stress and displacement transfer of the surrounding rock is synchronous and interactive，and the staged failure process is mainly attributed to that the surrounding rock forms a protective circle similar to an arch structure around the tunnel through self-regulation. The formation of each arch structure has a certain hindrance to the development of surrounding rock deformation，and the first arch structure¢s obstruction effect is greater than the subsequent ones. The research results are valuable to guide the determination of support design parameters and the prevention and treatment of the BCM stratum tunnel collapse.

Key words： tunnel engineering boulder-cobble mixed stratum model test instability failure rock mass stress

引用本文:

昝文博1，2，赖金星1，曹校勇3，秦祎文1，冯志华1，4. 漂卵石隧道围岩力学响应与失稳破坏机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(8): 1643-1653.
ZAN Wenbo1，2，LAI Jinxing1，CAO Xiaoyong3，QIN Yiwen1，FENG Zhihua1，4. Mechanical responses and instability failure mechanisms of surrounding rock of tunnels in boulder-cobble mixed stratum. , 2021, 40(8): 1643-1653.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0095 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I8/1643

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