基于空间离散技术的顶部隐伏溶洞诱发隧道围岩塌方破坏三维稳定性研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0822

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摘要岩溶地区新建隧道从隐伏溶洞下方近距离穿越时，隧道施工扰动与溶腔压力的叠加作用有可能导致隧道与溶洞之间的岩层发生坍塌，从而给隧道施工安全带来极大威胁。针对这一工程问题，根据顶部存在隐伏溶洞情况下隧道拱顶围岩在极限状态下的破坏特征，利用空间离散技术和极限分析理论，构建隧道拱顶围岩的三维离散型破坏机制，在此基础上提出围岩稳定性系数的定义，并通过计算该破坏机制中的内外能耗功率得到围岩稳定性系数的目标函数。利用非线性优化方法对该目标函数进行优化计算，获得极限状态下隧道拱顶围岩的稳定性系数上限解和对应的围岩塌落体三维形状。将理论计算得到的围岩稳定性系数和塌落体分别与数值模拟和模型试验结果进行对比，验证该理论方法的有效性。参数分析表明：围岩稳定性系数随地质强度指标GSI、岩体材料常数、溶洞与隧道之间距离H和围岩重度的增大而减小，随溶腔压力T的增大而增大。

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	黄阜
	张敏
	王志文
	王勇涛
	肖健

关键词 ：岩石力学, 隐伏溶洞, 隧道, 空间离散技术, 三维破坏机制, 围岩稳定性系数

Abstract：When a proposed tunnel is located in close proximity to a concealed karst cave，the superimposed effects of construction disturbance and cave pressure may lead to the collapse of the rock mass situated between the tunnel and the karst cave. This study constructs a three-dimensional failure mechanism for the rock mass of the tunnel roof，taking into account the failure characteristic associated with the concealed karst cave existing above. The spatial discretization technique and upper bound theorem are employed to develop this failure mechanism. Utilizing the constructed failure mechanism，the stability number of the rock mass is proposed，with the objective function derived from calculating the internal and external energy consumption of the failure mechanism. The upper bound solution for the stability number and the corresponding three-dimensional collapse surface of the rock mass are obtained through optimization calculations. By comparing the stability numbers and collapse surfaces derived from theoretical analysis with results obtained from numerical simulations and model tests，the validity of the proposed theoretical approach is validated. Parameter analysis indicates that the stability number of the rock mass decreases with the increase of the geological strength index(GSI)，material constant of the rock mass( )，the distance between karst cave and tunnel(H)，and unit weight of the rock mass( )，while it increases with the increase of cavity pressure(T).

Key words： rock mechanics concealed karst cave tunnel spatial discretization technique three-dimensional failure mechanism stability number of rock mass

引用本文:

黄阜，张敏，王志文，王勇涛，肖健. 基于空间离散技术的顶部隐伏溶洞诱发隧道围岩塌方破坏三维稳定性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(5): 1191-1203.
HUANG Fu，ZHANG Min，WANG Zhiwen，WANG Yongtao，XIAO Jian. Three-dimensional stability study of tunnel surrounding rocks induced by a concealed karst cave based on spatial discretization technique#br#. , 2025, 44(5): 1191-1203.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0822 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I5/1191

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