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SOME FUNDAMENTAL POINTS FOR INVERSE PROBLEM OF ROCK MECHANICS

Lu Aizhong， Jiang Binsong

2002, 21 (S): 1921-1926

[PDF] 361 KB (222)

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Some fundamental points are discussed for the inverse problems of rock mechanics. The involved points are the identifiability condition for material parameters and in-situ stresses of the surrounding rocks of tunnel and its application in back analysis of displacements，the stability analysis of the inverse solutions for the loads on metal support，the discussion of various optimization methods in a roadway，the optimal arrangements of measuring points for back analysis of displacements of tunnel，the study of mesh range in finite element method for back analysis of displacements，the study of reliability for back analysis of elasto-plastic displacements and the optimization of hole shapes in tunnel.

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DAMAGE MODEL BASED ON THE ENERGY DISSIPATION PRINCIPLE

Wen Jintao1，Zhu Weishen1，2，Li Shucai1

2002, 21 (S): 1927-1930

[PDF] 317 KB (110)

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Based on the theory of irreversible thermomechanics and from the point that the dissipated energy results form the microcracks，the Helmholzs free energy function is defined，and thus the way of constructing damage model is obtained for brittle materials. Combining the character of rock mass，the definite constitutive equation is given out for cracked rock mass containing single set of joints under the plane strain state. The damage evolution is also given out on the basis of other’s former research.

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THE LEAST ENERGY PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMICAL ROCK FAILURE

Zhao Yangsheng1，2，Feng Zengchao2，Chang Zongxu2

2002, 21 (S): 1931-1933

[PDF] 480 KB (186)

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Through analyzing the failure manner，failure character，energy exchange under various stress states，it is demonstrated that rock is the physical instability material under certain condition，and its dynamical failure follows the least energy principle. These results will be beneficial to prevention and curing of rock burst.

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ON OPENING STABILIKY CONSIDERING INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF JOINTED ROCKMASS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE

Zhang Zhongsheng1，Zhu Weishen2，1，Li Shucai1，Li Shuchen3

2002, 21 (S): 1934-1937

[PDF] 608 KB (97)

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Based on the principle of energy dissipation，a stability analyzing method is proposed for rockmass. The proposed method can effectively consider the failure situation of underground opening and the interaction of jointed rockmass and underground structure，so that a novel way is provided to evaluate the optimization of excavating process for underground opening.

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MACHANICS MECHANISM AND PROBABILITY ANALYSIS OF BLOCKY ROCKMASS STABILITY IN UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING

Yan Lixin1， Kang Hongpu1， Su Yonghua2

2002, 21 (S): 1938-1941

[PDF] 697 KB (94)

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When the tectonic pattern and characteristic of rockmass with platy structure meet some conditions，its mechanics mechanism can generally be analyzed by plate and shell theory. Based on the achievement，the stress distribution in rockmass with platy structure is studied for the underground engineering in vertical stratified strata，with length much longer than the height of chamber. According to reliability analysis principle of engineering structure，the equation of stability probability analysis of upright stratified strata and its calculation methods are studied.

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FRACTURE MODELS AND STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF JOINTED ROCK MASS IN COMPRESSION

Li Xinping1， Liu Jinhuan1，2， Peng Yuanping1，2， Peng Xinhui2， Song Guihong1

2002, 21 (S): 1942-1945

[PDF] 747 KB (108)

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The crack fracture models are developed to analyze and investigate the failure of jointed rock mass. In axial or low confining pressure，the sliding crack of rock mass is described as the extension growth of the curved wing cracks. These wing cracks will propagate stablly. In this case，the peak failure of jointed rock mass may be analyzed and determined by using the fracture model with axially aligned sliding cracks. It is found that confining pressure exhibits the extension growth of the wing cracks very sensitively. With the increase of confining pressure，the brittle failure mode of jointed rock mass in tension fracture may be translated to the ductile failure mode in shear fracture and the peak failure strength is corresponding to the unstable fracture of shear cracks.

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DAMAGE MECHANICS ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS OF CAVITY FRACTURE ON ROCK STRENGTH

Zhu Zhende， Xu Weiya， Zhang Aijun

2002, 21 (S): 1946-1951

[PDF] 927 KB (93)

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Firstly，the relationship between compressive strength of rock and damage factor is established by applying the theory of damage mechanics，statistic method and Mohr-Coulomb yield rule. Then the effects of porosity of rock on the compressive strength of sample are obtained. Finally，the theoretical expressions are examined by the resules of compressive tests of sandstone.

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EFFECTS OF PORE FLUIDS ON BOREHOLE STABILITY

Liu Yushi

2002, 21 (S): 1952-1954

[PDF] 298 KB (90)

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The problem of wellbore collapse in porous media is studied. Based on solid mechanics，the special stress-strain relationship for porous media is determined. Porous fluid pressure is also presented by using permeable mechanics method. The finite element model and stress analysis program are developed for the given problem. The drilling fluid density for wellbore stability can be calculated by this method.

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DYNAMIC DAMAGE CONSTITUTION RELATION OF ROCK WITH INITIAL DAMAGE

Chen Shihai，Cui Xinzhuang

2002, 21 (S): 1955-1957

[PDF] 371 KB (84)

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The shock and compression tests were done for the model specimen with initial damage and the stress-strain curves of the specimen are measured by virtue of SHPB device. The dynamic damage constitution relation is set up and the theoretical results are in good accord with measured results.

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REASONABLE SELECTION OF UNDERGROUND HOUSE AXIS BASED ON THE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF DETERMINED BLOCKS IN THE THREE GORGES PROJECT

Sheng Qian1，2， Huang Zhengjia2， Wu Aiqing2

2002, 21 (S): 1958-1961

[PDF] 680 KB (81)

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With the block theory，the geometry characterstic and stability for determined blocks in underground house of the Three Gorges Project are analysed. The stability of block is studied on various reinforcements. Based on the results，the reasonable selection of underground house axis is discussed.

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DESIGN AND STABILITY ANALYSES FOR THE SUPPORT STRUCTURE OF DAGUANBA IRRIGATION TUNNEL IN HAINAN PROVINCE

Liu Jian， Feng Xiating

2002, 21 (S): 1962-1966

[PDF] 1313 KB (111)

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Based on the geological conditions，an optimizing design scheme for the support structure of Daguangba irrigation tunnel in Hainan province was made by reference to the experiences of similar underground engineering. Meanwhile，the stability analysis for the support structure was made using an elastic-plast FEM，and the displacement，stress and plastic region distributions around the tunnel are derived. Afterwards，the rationality of the scheme was verified by means of in-situ monitoring. The results of this study are of reference value for the construction of similar underground engineering.

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APPLICATION OF SYNTHESIZED METHODS FOR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ROCK CAVERN FOUNDATION

Zhang Yongxing，Wang Guilin，Yin Ke，Luo Jizhang

2002, 21 (S): 1967-1971

[PDF] 717 KB (109)

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With the increase of urban underground engineering it is more important to evaluate accurately the bearing capacity of the rock mass around the substructure under the ground building. The core problem is to analyze the stability of the rock cavern foundation. The methods of stability analysis on rock mass are mainly based on traditional calculation，numerical computation and monitoring. The synthesized analysis method combines the above three methods and is used in stability analysis on the Xiaoshizi subway station with larges pan and shallow covered rock cavern foundation above which there is one twenty-story building. The study results show that the proposed method is effective in stability analysis on rock cavern foundation.

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STUDY ON INFORMATIONAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF TUNNEL IN COMPLICATED GEOLOGICAL CONDITION

Zhu Hehua１，Jiang Yong1，Cui Maoyu2

2002, 21 (S): 1972-1977

[PDF] 1993 KB (65)

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The geological condition of Renhuling Tunnel is very complicated，which brings difficulties to the project construction. In order to insure the project carried out successfully，a series of informational technologies are applied，such as design and application of visualized database，staged construction back-analysis and prediction，two and three dimensional FEM analyses，ground-penetrating radar and data analysis，piles curtain construction method，etc.，which are of instructive significance for later informational construction.

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ANALYSIS ON THE WHOLE INTERACTION PROCESS BETWEEN SUPPORT AND SURROUNDING ROCK MASSES OF EXTRACTION ROADWAY IN COAL MINE

Yang Shuangsuo1，Kang Lixun1，Qian Minggao2

2002, 21 (S): 1978-1981

[PDF] 545 KB (150)

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Based on field observation and model experiments，the fluctuant equilibrium theory is put forward on the whole interaction process between surrounding rock masses and support of extraction roadway in coal mine. The fluctuant equilibrium theory makes the controlling theory of surrounding rock masses of roadway improved，and it will be one of the most important basic theories of extraction roadway support.

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STABILITY CONTROL OF LARGE SPACE STRUCTURE IN FULLY MECHANIZED MINING COAL FACE AND THE OPTIMINATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Gong Peilin1， Jin Zhongming1， Hao Haijin2

2002, 21 (S): 1982-1985

[PDF] 886 KB (138)

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Based on the technology of similar material test and numerical simulation，the stability of large space structure in fully mechanized mining coal face is studied，and the relationship between the mining height and the stability of space structure is discussed. As an example，the technological parameters of coal seam No.3 in Sihe colliery of Jincheng coal corporation are optimized.

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NEW DEVELOPMENT OF BOLT SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR COAL ROADWAY IN CHINA

Kang Hongpu

2002, 21 (S): 1986-1990

[PDF] 388 KB (145)

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Coal roadway supporting technology has made a great breakthrough development in China in recent years，which has initially formed a set of bolting support technology characteristic of China. This technology has already been used universally and created prominent technological and economic profit. The new research achievements of bolt support technology for coal roading in China are presented，such as geological mechanics test of surrounding rocks，bolting support design method and software，support material serialization，and standardization of bolting support technology.

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MULTIMEDIA SIMULATION ON THE TUNNEL CONSTRUCTING PROCESS

Li Shuchen1，2，Li Shucai1

2002, 21 (S): 1991-1994

[PDF] 885 KB (109)

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The tunnel constructing process under complex conditions is analyzed，with the digital simulation of 3-dimensional process of the tunnel constructing under multimedia simulation support. By the use of computer graphics technique，lots of three dimensional data in computing are showed and interpreted. The multimedia simulation of the tunnel constructing process is helpful for scientists and engineers to follow and understand the real-time physical phenomena.

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INTEGRATED METHOD OF GEOENGINEERING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS SYSTEM BASED ON GIS

Liu Limin1，2， Liu Hanlong1， Zhu Zhende1， Lian Chuanjie1，2，Chen Jian1

2002, 21 (S): 1995-1998

[PDF] 473 KB (106)

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GIS has been used widely in many fields because of its powerful management function about spatial information and attribute information. In fact，geoengineering finite element analysis is a process of disposing spatial information and attribute information. The merge of GIS and the finite element analysis about geoengineering is of some obvious advantages. Some problems are studied based on GIS，such as data preprocess，finite element analysis，postprocess and visualization. An example of mining subsidence calculating system based on GIS is presented.

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DEEP KINEMATIC FEATURE OF MAJOR ACTIVE FAULTS IN NORTH CHINA FROM INVERSEION OF GPS DATA

Liu Jie，Song Huizhen

2002, 21 (S): 1999-2004

[PDF] 3181 KB (85)

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According to the dislocation inversion method of uneven deep slip of an inclined fault with strike slip，dip slip and tension movements，and using the newest GPS measurement data，the uneven slip distribution in depth of some major active faults in North China are obtained. The results show that GPS data can response the overall characteristics of the kinematic status of faults，but it is not good enough to control every single fault because of the deficiency of measuring points and the large distance of a line.

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ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION STUDY ON TIME-DEPENDENT DEFORMATION OF THE SHIPLIFT AND THE TEMPORARY SHIPLOCK IN THE THREE GORGES PROJECT

Li Shucai1，2，Lu Aizhong2，Fu Bingqing3

2002, 21 (S): 2005-2008

[PDF] 1530 KB (101)

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According to the field measurements，the research is carried out on multiple model identification and prediction method of multiple measure points. On the basis of analyzing the monitoring deformation data of the shiplift and temporary shiplock，in the Three Gorges Project，an expotential model is proposed and applied in the prediction of the deformation for shiplift and temporary shiplock. At last，the stabilization time and the measured values of the time-dependent deformation are presented.

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SEISMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY FOR HIGH ARCH DAM

Song Xiuguang1， Xie Nenggang2

2002, 21 (S): 2009-2011

[PDF] 528 KB (80)

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Based on energy balance equation of structural dynamics，the seismic energy response of high arch dam can be calculated by using energy analysis method. Xiaowan hydropower project is taken as an example. The energy response curve shows that the energy value alters in echelon. The relations between energy judging indicator and fetched number of dominance modes can suggest that 10 or more dominance modes must be fetched on dynamic analysis of the arch dam.

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RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF GRAPHIC THINKING INTO CIVIL DEFENSE PROJECT

He Jiaojiao

2002, 21 (S): 2012-2015

[PDF] 822 KB (96)

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As a module of modern architecture theory，the graphic thinking of architecture has been used to make the procedure of architecture design more rational and scientific. The graphic thinking is used to design the civil defense projects. By the graphic thinking，all possible designs may be gathered and the last one should be guaranteed to be innovative and rational.

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CONCEPTION OF BUILDING THE INFORMATION WEB SITE OF URBAN UNDERGROUND SPACE

Jiang Wei， Ling Huke， Liu Nian

2002, 21 (S): 2016-2019

[PDF] 319 KB (82)

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According to the internet introduction and the information state of the underground space，and combining the current state of underground sapce web sites in the world，the significance of building the underground space web site and the necessity of applying ASP technology based on web database are pointed out. The design of the whole web site，the application of the relevant network technology，and the operation principle of the web site are conceived. The development of this web site is discussed prospects.

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DISCUSSION ON PRINCIPLE OF COMBINING SUBWAY WITH CIVIL AIR DEFENSE

Chen Zhilong，Guo Dongjun，Cao Hui

2002, 21 (S): 2020-2022

[PDF] 300 KB (227)

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At present，how to meet the requirement of civil air defense without affecting the transit requirement of subway in peacetime is being discussed. The principles and proposals of combining subway with civil air defense are presented.

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POST-EVALUATION OF URBAN UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS

Liu Yuan， Chen Zhilong

2002, 21 (S): 2023-2025

[PDF] 519 KB (76)

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Some opinions are put forward on the significance and methods of the post-evaluation of underground buildings. It aims at illustrating the necessity and the feasibility of applying the post-evaluation to the exploitation and utilization of underground space，and hoping people pay more attention to the post-evaluation.

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UNDERGROUND EARTH-SHELTERED GREENTING BUILDING —— AN ATTRACTIVE ARCHITECTURAL FORM

Zhu Daming

2002, 21 (S): 2026-2029

[PDF] 322 KB (100)

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Aiming at the present situation of the short supply of building land，crowded builting space and the lack of green area in our cities，the directing thought is put forward to integrate the construction of hill and water city and garden city with the development and utilization of underground space. It is pointed out that the underground earth-sheltered greening building is an architectural form to be paying attention to. The main points of plan and design of underground earth-sheltered greening buildings are described.

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MEASUREMENT OF SHALE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS UNDER CONFINING PRESSURES

Chen Mian，Yuan Changyou， Zhang Guangqing

2002, 21 (S): 2030-2033

[PDF] 566 KB (116)

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On the basis of fracture mechanics under confining pressures，the fracture toughness measurement of artificial shale with various proportion of soil content，is conducted under different confining pressures. After calculation of toughness values with help of commercial software package ANSYS55，the statistic linear relationships among toughness，confining pressures and soil contents of them are regressed，and a reliable means of specifying toughness for hydraulic fracturing simulation，is obtained，so that the design and prediction can be made with satisfactory accuracy.

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Application of mechanicS model of rocks containing distributed cracks in TO hydraulic fracturing

Yao Lu，Zhang Ruojing，Shen Hao

2002, 21 (S): 2034-2036

[PDF] 487 KB (72)

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The reservoir rocks are treated as the media containing randomly distributed cracks，with or without petroleum in their interiors，instead of homogeneous isotropic elastic body. The model developed by Budiansky on the elastic body containing randomly distributed cracks，with or without fluid in their interiors，is adopted to describe rocks. Accordingly，the fracture opening displacement equation，in which the effect of the cracks has been taken into account，is developed. Numerical simulation results prove that this model accords with the practical situation better.

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SINGLE POINT ALGORITHM FOR PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION OF SAND-SHALE FORMATIONS USING SEISMIC INTERVAL VELOCITY

Fan Honghai

2002, 21 (S): 2037-2040

[PDF] 337 KB (229)

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A new method for pore pressure prediction of sand-shale formations using seismic interval velocity is proposed. Some application results of the method are also shown. The single point algorithm is used based on the effective stress approach. The vertical effective stress is calculated by a four-parameter compressional velocity model that describes the relationship between sonic velocity and vertical effective stress. The method is simple in practical operation without need of normal trend. It is mainly used in new prospecting area with rare related data. The applications in various basins show that the predictions with the proposed method can be useful for drilling safety and efficiency，especially for Cenozoic shale-sand formations.

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MODEL TESTING STUDIES OF ROCK-BOLT CRANE GIRDER

Zeng Yawu，Zhao Zhenying

2002, 21 (S): 2041-2044

[PDF] 657 KB (102)

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The rock-bolt crane girder is an advanced structure which has played and will play more and more important roles in the construction of underground powerhouses in China. Based on the results of model tests using simulational materials，the noticeable problems of rock-bolt crane girder in designing and constructing are presented. Firstly，the stresses in rock-bolts of girder due to construction of the underground powerhouse must be noted，which would be equal to，even larger than the stresses when the crane is operated. Secondly，some measures in designing and constructing must be taken so the stresses in rock-bolts of girder are transferred to the deep rocks and the stability of rocks surrounding the powerhouse is increased. Finally，in designing，the interaction forces on inclined interface between rock wall and girder would be distributed forces instead of concentrated forces.

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study on selection of mechanics parameters for complicated rockmasses

Zhou Huoming，Sheng Qian，Xiong Shihu

2002, 21 (S): 2045-2048

[PDF] 407 KB (162)

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Based on the synthesic analysis on rockmass mechanics testing results for the underground plant of Shuibuya project in Qingjiang river. The influences of rockmass character，experiment unit heterogeneity，testing method，confining pressure and anisotropy on rockmass mechanics parameters are studied，and the complicated rockmass mechanics parameters are selected.

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OBJECT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT OF FEM GRAPHICS SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING

Yu Weiping，Xiao Ming

2002, 21 (S): 2049-2053

[PDF] 1034 KB (89)

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Based on object-oriented technique，the complex data of graphics system for underground engineering obtained from FEM post-processing are organized efficiently. In addition，the object-oriented data structure，basic algorithm of this system and the graphics system for underground engineering finite element analysis post-processing are designed and accomplished successfully. This system can conveniently draw spatial contour and vector-graph of every physical value and display the distribution of structures plasticity area，crack area and so on. At last，some application samples are given.

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LAMINATION SPALLATION MODEL OF UNDERGROUND IMPACT PRESSURE

Pan Liyou，Wang Chongge，Li Xingwei

2002, 21 (S): 2054-2056

[PDF] 521 KB (97)

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One dimensional model for underground impact pressure of coal seam is proposed. The coal solid fragmentation can be divided into two phase：lamination spallation and fracture instability，and the distribution characteristics of abutment stress is used to describe fracture instability of coal. This model can be used to describe the mechanism of fracture instability of coal seam under the ground gravity field.

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STABILITY ANALYSIS ON UNDERGROUD HOUSES IN THE ROCK MASSES WITH STEEP OBLIQUITY

Xiao Ming1， Wang Yangxue2

2002, 21 (S): 2057-2060

[PDF] 586 KB (82)

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The stability of Langyashan underground houses in the rockmasses with steep obliquity is analyzed using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model. A nonlinear computing method for stratified anisotropical rockmasses with steep obliquity is presented. The rational arrangement of underground houses and optimum selection of bolt support as well as selection of physico-mechanical parameters of rock mass for stability of underground houses are illustrated by computing for various schemes.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON EXCAVATION AND SUPPORT EFFECT FOR FENGGANG SEGMENT OF DONG-SHEN WATER SUPPLY TUNNEL

Xu Bangshu1，2，Li Shucai1，2，Bai Shiwei1，Chen Feng1

2002, 21 (S): 2061-2064

[PDF] 1031 KB (111)

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Using FLAC-3D，the excavation and the effect of support are analysed for Fenggang segment of Dong-Shen water supply tunnel. It is considered how to select rock mechanics parameters after the surrounding rock masses are loosing under the influence of blast，and some useful conclusions are gained.

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3-D ELASTO-PLASTIC FEM ANALYSIS ON STABLITY OF HUGE AND COMPLEX UNDERGROUND HOUSES

Qiu Xiangbo，Chen Weizhong，Li Shucai

2002, 21 (S): 2065-2068

[PDF] 689 KB (82)

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FEM is a numerical simulation method commonly used in geotechnical engineering，but the calculation result is not good enough when it is used in simulating complex engineering. Combining the analysis on complex underground houses，it is particularly discussed how to improve the calculation result of stability in the light of finite element mesh and simulation of bolting.

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CALCULATION MODEL OF BOREHOLE COLLAPSE AND FRACTURE PRESSURE IN PERMEABLE FORMATION

Deng Jingen1， Wang Jinfeng1， Zhou Jianliang2

2002, 21 (S): 2069-2072

[PDF] 443 KB (189)

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The influence of change of elastic modulus of enclosing rock is considered on wellbore stability stress under the condition of borehole impenetrability，and the rock nonlinear property influence is corrected on stress according to linear pore elastic thoery. The effective stress formula of Mole-Coulomb creterian and the formula of borehole collapse position are introduced to consider the pore pressure. In formation penetrability and impenetrability condition，the calculation model of borehole collapse pressure and breakdown pressure are set up.

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APPLICATION STUDY OF FORMATION PRESSURE MONITORING METHOD IN HP WELLS

Yang Jin1， Li Sigui1， Xu Zhixiong2

2002, 21 (S): 2073-2075

[PDF] 531 KB (162)

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The rock strength in drilling formation means the rock crack strength. It is related not only to drilling parameters，but also to character of rock formation. Formation pore pressure is an important factor to affect rock strength. Based on experiment and site data，the relationship between rock strength and formation pressure is found and applied to detection of formation pore pressure. The applications of the method in some wells at Tarim Basin of Xinjiang of China show that the presented method is better than traditional one.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY ON SURROUNDING ROCK CONTROL IN PILLAR AND CHAMBER MINING METHODS

Wan Zhijun1，Liu Changyou1，Wei Jianqing2，Liang Guangfeng2

2002, 21 (S): 2076-2079

[PDF] 524 KB (82)

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The deformation and failure characteristics and stress field distribution laws of roadway in coal face 1306 of pillar and chamber mining in Nantun coal mine are studied with software FLAC3.3. The stability of pillar is analysed. Based on analyzing the influence of mining depths，pillar widths and support parameters on surrounding rock control in roadway，the critical mining depth，reasonable pillar width and support parameter are determined.

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METHOD OF VARIATIONAL INEQUATITY FOR JOINTED ROCK MASS

Jiang Binsong1，2， Wang Yigong1， Cai Meifeng2

2002, 21 (S): 2080-2083

[PDF] 290 KB (74)

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The discontinuities within rock mass are thought to be under unilateral and frictional contact state. Using the new concepts such as subdifferential and superpotential concepts，the variational inequalities are established to solve the problems in rock mechanics containing the discontinuities. An alternating process of a series of boundary value problems containing unilateral contacts is given to obtain the solutions of the variational inequalities.

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PREDICTION STUDY ON ROADWAY CONVERGENCE

Lin Yuezhong， Lin Dengge

2002, 21 (S): 2084-2086

[PDF] 263 KB (91)

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The grey model is used to predict the roadway convergence. The predicted results are in good accord with measured data.

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TESTING STUDY ON INTERFACE SHEAR STRENGTH OF SAND IN HIGH STRESS

Liu Xiliang1，2，Zhu Weishen1，Luo Jing2，Li Shucai1

2002, 21 (S): 2087-2089

[PDF] 767 KB (74)

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The testing study was made on interface shear strength of sand in high stress in DRS-1 computer-controlled direct shear and cyclic shear apparatus. The results show that the relationships of peak strength versus normal stress and residual strength versus normal stress of sand-sand and concrete-sand are well in accord with Coulomb’s law.

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VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATION OF THREE- DIMENSIONAL DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS METHOD

Jiang Qinghui 1，Zhu Chuanyun 1，Feng Dingxiang 2

2002, 21 (S): 2090-2093

[PDF] 381 KB (82)

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The variational principle of three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis is put forward according to the displacement model and the characters of discontinuous deformation analysis method. The theoretical calculating formulations and the controlling equations of 3-D discontinuous deformation analysis are derived. Two examples are computed and the numerical results are relatively reasonable.

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STUDY OF OBJECT–ORIENTED PLATFORM ESTABLISHMENT AND VISUALIZATION OF INTELLIGENT PARALLEL OPTIMIZATION OF LARGE CAVERN GROUP

An Hogngang，Feng Xiating，Li Shaojun

2002, 21 (S): 2094-2097

[PDF] 555 KB (76)

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Based on the parallel environment (RsmVPC) developed on WINDOWS platform，an intelligent optimization platform of large cavern group is established using object–oriented programming. The platform provides a visual interface and hides the detail of the intelligent software，e.g. genetic algorithms and neural networks，used behind perfectly. When using the platform，the users neednt be familiar with the internal mechanism. Therefore，the platform provides a convenient way to solve the optimization of excavation sequences and support designs of large cavern group according to the ordered format of input data. The platform makes it possible to solve the optimization problems of large-scale cavern group in parallel on PC machine groups. It is indicated that the computing efficiency and precision are improved to a large extent with this platform.

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ELASTOPLASTIC ANALYSIS ON ROCKMASS OF THE UNDERGROUND HOUSES IN JIANGKOU POWER STATION

Huang Zhengjia， Sheng Qian， Wu Xiangchao

2002, 21 (S): 2098-2102

[PDF] 1474 KB (89)

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The 2D and 3D finite element method is applied to simulate excavation，weak rock interlayer and fault，and bolted support in underground houses of Jiangkou hydraulic power station and to calculate the displacement and stress of the rockmass after excavation. An analysis is made on bolted support and the stability of surrounding rockmass is evaluated.

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STUDY ON THE TOP-COAL STABILITY IN THE END-FACE OF FULLY MECHANIZED SUB-LEVEL CAVING MINING

Xie Yaoshe，He Fulian，Zhao Yangsheng

2002, 21 (S): 2103-2105

[PDF] 1574 KB (87)

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Based on the numerical simulation method，the factors to influence the stability of the top-coal in the end-face of the fully mechanized sub-level caving are analyzed. The results show that the stability of the top-coal in the end-face is determined by the mechanical property of the top-coal，the movement of the direct roof and the main roof，and the supporting methods，among which the distance from the rib to the fore point of the support is one of the most important factors.

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RESEARCH ON FAILURE EFFECT OF JET STRESS WAVE ON ROCK

Zhang Yongli

2002, 21 (S): 2106-2109

[PDF] 362 KB (101)

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The stress wave is one of the main factors to make rock failing. According to the dynamic characteristics of jet，the failure mechanism and strength of rock acted by the jet and the stress wave are researched and definite quantity of shocking distance in rock is obtained. In addition，a field experiment is made in Henan oil field and the calculating result is proved by the experiment.

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NUMERICAL STUDY ON STRESS FIELD AT THE ENDS OF FAULT BY DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD

Su Shengrui1，2，Zhu Hehua1，Wang Shitian3，Stephansson Ove4

2002, 21 (S): 2110-2114

[PDF] 2802 KB (69)

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By employing the technique with which the fictitious joints behave as intact rock，the stress state at fault ends is successfully modeled. It is shown that there is stress concentration at fault ends and that the areas of stress concentration distribute asymmetrically at the two ends of fault. It is found that the boundary stress ration Kb，the internal friction angle of the fault as well as the angle between fault direction and maximum boundary stress affect the extent of stress concentration.

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REAL-TIME CT TESTING ON DAMAGE PROPAGATION LAW OF JOINTED ROCK-LIKE MALERIAL UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPACT

Jian Hao 1，2，Zhu Weishen 1，3，Li Shucai 1，Qi Liangfeng 4

2002, 21 (S): 2115-2120

[PDF] 905 KB (73)

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Using the special loading equipment made by author，the computerized tomography (CT) real-time testing was done on the failure of specimen with single fracture under uniaxial pressure. The whole failure process of specimen was simulated. Under different axial pressures，the clear CT images and CT values of different parts are obtained .With studying the data of test，the threshold value of damage and damage propagation rate are defined，and some discussions are made. The damage and fracture propagation law of jointed rock-like malerial is obtained from meso-scale and three dimensions.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON ROCK STABILITY IN FULLY MECHANIZED COAL FACE UNDER THE CONDITION OF DEEP MINING AND LARGE INCLINATION

Liu Changyou， Qu Qundi， Wan Zhijun

2002, 21 (S): 2121-2124

[PDF] 979 KB (98)

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Based on the field condition，the features of the collapse，structure，displacement and stress distribution，and the influence laws of mining depth and coal inclination on rock stability are studied. The obtained conclusions would be helpful to the stability control of surrounding rocks and supports in mining face.

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SIMULATION TESTING STUDY ON 3D STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF PILLAR AND SURROUNDING ROCK MASSES

Hu Yaoqing1， Zhao Yangsheng1，2， Yang Dong1， Duan Kanglian1

2002, 21 (S): 2125-2128

[PDF] 1336 KB (80)

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At the same time of study on the 3D solid-liquid coupling experiment on mining above artesian water，the simulation testing study is made on the distribution of stresses and deformations of pillar and surrounding rock masses during mining. The influence of pillar on the stability of surrounding rock masses，and the deformation of ground surface is discussed. The main measure is put forward to solve related problem.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON FRACTURE OF KEY STRATA IN OVERLYING STRATA

Xu Tao1， Tang Chun’an1，2， Yang Tianhong1， Miao Xiexing3

2002, 21 (S): 2129-2133

[PDF] 1847 KB (89)

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Using newly developed strata failure process analysis (SFPA2D) code, the fracture and caving process of key strata in overlying strata is studied. The numerically simulated results reproduce the whole fracture and caving process of key strata，the variation laws of the stress over key strata，and the abutment pressure over immediate roof with mining. The relationship between the distance of peak abutment pressure from working face and mining distance is revealed, and the effects of fracture of key strata on the abutment pressure in coal rib and the subsidence of ground surface are further analyzed.

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MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE OF OILFIELD IN-SITU STRESS AND DISTRIBUTION REGULATION OF IN-SITU STRESSES IN WEST CHINA

Zhang Shouliang1， Deng Jingen1， Xu Xianguang2， Li Weixuan2， Zha Yongjin2

2002, 21 (S): 2134-2138

[PDF] 595 KB (81)

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Wellbore instability is a common and difficult problem encountered in drilling. The key work is calculating accurately the in-situ stress，for it is different with the tectonic region and formation property. The measuring techniques of in-situ stress at depth are described by the local hydrofracturing method，acoustic emission Kaiser effect method and the means improving measurement accuracy by data process method. The in-situ stress calculation mode at foothill tectonic belt of different layers is established. At last，the real measurement result of in-situ stresses and region distributing regulation in Xinjiang are presented.

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DISCRETE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ON WELLBORE STABILITY IN JOINTED BROKEN FORMATION

Li Sigui1， Deng Jingen1， Li Mingzhi2

2002, 21 (S): 2139-2143

[PDF] 1675 KB (89)

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Wellbore instability occures easily in jointed broken formation. The nonlinear statics problem is solved by transforming it into dynamics problem using dynamic relaxation method of the discrete element method. The stresses，displacement and fracture stretch situation near the coal wellbore are calculated by deformable discrete element method. Two-dimentional discrete element UDEC program is applied in fissure-plane seepage calculation.The result show that the drilling fluid weight plays an important role in wellbore stability，and the capacity of drilling fluid is also important.

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DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF SOFTWARE FOR THREE FORMATION PRESSURE PROFILE DETERMINED BY LOG INFORMATION

Wang Jinfeng， Deng Jingen， Wang Lihua， Wang Bingyin

2002, 21 (S): 2144-2148

[PDF] 1255 KB (78)

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Lost circulation and borehole collapse often occurred in petroleum drilling.The key is that the three pressure profiles which can maintain borehole stability couldn’t been prodicted.The mechanics analysis software is successfully developed for borehole stability after plenty of theory reseach and experiment. The laboratory measurement and well logging data analysis method are introduced to get formation strength and mechanical parameter which are necessary in the software. The prediction with the software is applied to drilling in Nanhai oilfield，and the results are satisfactory.

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THREE DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENIZATION METHOD IN CONSTITUTIVE SIMULATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Zhang Jing， Zhang Shicheng

2002, 21 (S): 2149-2153

[PDF] 678 KB (94)

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A perturbational method based homogenization method is formulated to simulate the constitutive properties of composite materials by means of three-dimensional finite element models. The numerical tests of two and three-dimensional composite structures are presented to show that more accurate results of effective modulus are obtained with less computer time，compared to other numerical methods. It is also proved that the developed approach is reliable and efficient.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDIES ON FLOW RATE DISTRIBUTION IN MULTIPLE FRACTURES

Zhang Shicheng， Shen Maohe

2002, 21 (S): 2154-2158

[PDF] 1020 KB (127)

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In recent years，significant developments have taken place to solve the problem of hydraulic fracture of wells. But in most cases the simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of multiple productive intervals or layers within a single well may lead to the initiation and propagation of multiple fractures. In order to account for the effect of the properties of the lays，such as contrasts in layers thickness，Young’s Modulus，fluid loss properties and perforation erosion，a numerical model is used to calculate the fluid partitioning. A numerical model of fracture is also developed to simulate the fracture vertically through layered formation in the presence of stress variations. The parameter study is conducted with the model to evaluate the effect on fluid partitioning of the properties of the layers，such as in-situ stress，rock fracture toughness，fluid loss properties and so on.

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OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE LEAST SAFETY FACTOR OF STRATIFIED SOIL SLOPE

Shen Qiang1， Li Jianzhong2， Zhang Zengrong2， Chen Congxin1

2002, 21 (S): 2159-2161

[PDF] 414 KB (95)

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The optimization method is used to analyse the stability of stratified soil slopes. The effect of stratified soil on the slipping surface of slopes is considered，and the least safety factor is obtained by optimization method. The caluculating program is developed for the analysis of stratified soil slopes.

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Numerical modeling on the excavation and reinforcement for the underground powerhouse in the Shuibuya Project

Ding Xiuli1，2， Shen Qian1，2， Wu Aiqing2， Zhang lian2

2002, 21 (S): 2162-2167

[PDF] 1626 KB (74)

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The stress and deformation of the surrounding rock mass of the underground powerhouse in the Shuibuya Project are analyzed using nonlinear FEM. Furthermore，the influences of support measures concerning the replacement of soft rock mass and shotcrete-bolt supporting on the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock mass are studied. Finally，the stability of the underground powerhouse is evaluated.

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ANALYZING PRINCIPLE OF TIME-SPACE VARIATING LOADING AND CASE HISTORY

Zhu Weishen1，2，Li Shucai1，2，Bai Shiwei2，Zhang Yujun2

2002, 21 (S): 2168-2171

[PDF] 1270 KB (97)

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The analyzing principle of time-space variating loading based on the principle of excavation process mechanics” given by auther previously is presented. Some case histories are given to explain the necessity of applying the new principle to analyse the rock engineering.

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DRILLING EXPERIENCE OF HARDE 1-H1 HORIZONTAL WELL

Yang Chengxin，Sun Haifang，Zhang Minli，Zheng Lihui

2002, 21 (S): 2172-2175

[PDF] 306 KB (108)

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The drilling operations of a double-stepped horizontal well for two super-thin reservoirs are presented. The drilling operation was successfully accomplished with rotary drilling and improved mud-cleaning scheme especially against the difficulties，such as well trajectory controlling，weighting during sliding-in，well hole cleaning，and so on. By using presented operation method，the designed objectives are reached with pronounced economic benefits.

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CONSTRUCTON OF DEEP FOUNDATION FOR BEIJING JINGCHENG MANSION

Han Xueguang

2002, 21 (S): 2176-2180

[PDF] 704 KB (74)

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Beijing Jingcheng Mansion is a high building with 50 storeys on the ground and 4 storeys under ground. The building was designed by Japan and constructed by Beijing Machinery Construction Company. Four million RMB yuans were saved compared to the initial project，as some peculiar construction measures were adopted，such as three-layer bolts，inner-external slopes，excavators working in channels. The successful experience was learnt from this engineering on supporting slope piles，bolting and earthwork construction.

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STUDY OF BIOENGINEERING TECHNIQUES FOR SLOPE PROTECTION IN HIGHWAY ZONE WITH MOUTAINS AND HILLS

Luo Heng1，Zhou Tieshi1，Zhao Haibin2

2002, 21 (S): 2181-2184

[PDF] 312 KB (69)

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Bioengineering techniques are used to prevent soil erosion and improve stability of slope as well as make slopes green in highway zone with mountains and hills. The effect of plants on slope protection is discussed and the plant forms are summed up. Taking the Leiyi expressway slopes as examples，the bioengineering techniques for slope protection are studied.

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STUDY ON REINFORCEMENT OF TOPPLING ROCK MASS UNDER BRIDGE ABUTMENT

Nie Shanwen1，Xia Yueyi2，Zhao Haibin2，Zhong Jinyong2

2002, 21 (S): 2185-2187

[PDF] 903 KB (92)

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The deformation and toppling failure of bedrock slope under bridge abutment are presented. The mechanism of deformation and failure of the slope is analysed，and the reinforcement scheme is designed according to the result of stability computing.

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UTILIZATION OF URBAN UNDERGROUND SPACE IN SHENZHEN

Zhao Penglin1， Gu Xin2

2002, 21 (S): 2188-2193

[PDF] 2207 KB (70)

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The start of construction of Shenzhen’s subway system in 2000 brought attention upon the subject of utilizing urban underground space in the city. A series of theoretical research and practical experiences completed by the Shenzhen municipality are reviewed. The case studies in Shenzhen and advice about the development and utilization of urban underground space are presented.

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STRESS ANALYSIS ON T-SHAPE CONNECTION OF ROCK TUNNEL STRUCTURE WITH LONG SPAN

Xi Jian，Li Yanru，Liu Xinyu

2002, 21 (S): 2194-2196

[PDF] 533 KB (69)

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Owing to the complexity of stress characteristic and space effect of tunnel connection，the problem of tunnel connection is always the hotspot with difficulty in underground engineering. Aimed at the present situation that there is few theoretical and experimental achievement for long-span branch tunnel，the stress characteristic of tunnel connection with long span is simulated by using FEM，and the regularities of distribution of displacement，stress and internal force are studied.

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study on vibration RESULTING FROM heavy ramming in groundwork construction

Li Jianhua1， Lu Shuran2

2002, 21 (S): 2197-2200

[PDF] 655 KB (91)

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The vibration wave and its propagation resulting from heavy hammer ramming in groundwork construction are studied. The vibration velocity equation on ground surface is presented by regressing the measured data，and used as a reference to the design of groundwork construction. The study results can be used to predict the effect of vibration during ramming process.

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ON THE EXISTING PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN OF TUNNELS BASED ON EXAMINING RESULTS

Zhong Shihang

2002, 21 (S): 2201-2207

[PDF] 370 KB (79)

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The examining results and statistical data of lining and collapses in surrounding rocks of 70 railway and highway tunnels are analyzed. Some suggestions are put forward to improve the construction management，design and standard of tunnels.

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CAUSE OF FORMATION AND REINFORCING TREATMENT FOR GEOLOGICAL DISASTER OF DANANSHAN

Zhang Qiangyong 1，Li jianhua 2

2002, 21 (S): 2208-2210

[PDF] 1351 KB (88)

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The landslides are located in the middle of Dananshan in Shenzhen. Several large scale landslides have happened along mountain ridge since April，2000. The cause of formation and formation mechanism for landslides are systematically analyzed. According to the comprehensive reinforcing idea which takes account of landslide reinforcement and ecology environment protection of Dananshan，a comprehensive reinforcement construction scheme is designed for Dananshan landslides.

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Integrative Layout for Shotcreting Robot

Fan Binghui，Zhang Zhixian，Rong Xuewen，Li Yunjiang，Jiang Hao，Wang Chuanjiang

2002, 21 (S): 2211-2214

[PDF] 476 KB (104)

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At present，the whole mechanization degree is not high enough in the shotcreting engineering of tunnels in our country. The major work methods are still in semi-mechanization. In some places，the wet shotcreting method has not been adopted. So，there are many problems in shotcreting works，such as more dust，more rebound，instable quality and greater labor intension etc. In order to solve those problems better，an integrative resolving layout is presented to make homemade shotcreting robot，wet shotcreting machine and concrete conveyer working together.

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RESEARCH ON THE FEASIBILITY OF INJECTING CEMENT SLURRY TO REINFORCE ROCK WITH PETTY CRACKS

Qiao Weiguo1， V.V. Perchine2， A.V. Ouglianitsa2

2002, 21 (S): 2215-2217

[PDF] 416 KB (93)

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A new technique of pressing water to expand crack and injecting cement slurry to reinforce the crevice with open degree less then 0.1mm in rock is put forward. The feasibility and work mechanism of this technique，and calculation method of related parameters are analyzed by theory and testing in laboratory. As a result，the method to decide the related parameters of injecting cement slurry is given.

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ANALYSIS ON FUNCTION AND MECHANISM OF BOLT AND FERROCONCRETE LATTICE USED FOR REINFORCEMENT OF SLOPE

Xiao Jianqiu1，Qing Dugan1，Zhao Haibin2

2002, 21 (S): 2218-2220

[PDF] 510 KB (110)

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The bolt and ferroconcrete lattice can increase the integrality，strength and stiffness of rock mass and soil of slope. With this kind of support structure，the enhanced strength of reinforced section must be taken into account while computing stability of slope.

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THEORY AND APPLICATION OF FLOOR HEAVE CONTROL IN ROADWAYS WITH ANTI-SLIDE PILES

You Chunan，Song Zhenqi

2002, 21 (S): 2221-2224

[PDF] 341 KB (77)

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Based on the characteristics of the stress and displacement fields in the heaved roadway floor，the means to control floor heave of roadways with the anti-slide piles is suggested，and the methods of mechanics calculations and design of anti-slide piles are given. By using the anti-slide piles to control floor heave of roadways in the practice，good results have been obtained.

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PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENTS OF WATERPROOFING AND DRAINAGE TECHNIQUES IN DOMESTIC HIGHWAY TUNNELS

Sun Guofu 1，2，Li Yongmei 2，Liu Weining 1，Li Xinggao 1

2002, 21 (S): 2225-2229

[PDF] 994 KB (126)

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The existing domestic technique of waterproofing and drainage in highway tunnels is difficult to meet the standard that is stricter than that of other traffic tunnels. The problem is studied and some improvements are developed on design thought，criterion，construction technique，quality control，and material application.

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APPLICATION OF THE DISPERSED AND COMPRESSED EARTH ANCHOR SYSTEM TO THE SOIL WITH COMPLICATED PROPERTIES

Yan Liqun1， Zhu Yiqun1， Yi Zhuwei2

2002, 21 (S): 2230-2233

[PDF] 868 KB (86)

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The lock chamber was made of permanent steel plate pile and the prestressed anchor cable was adopted in structure. The structure was firstly applied to the shiplock engineering in China. Because the site soil is inhomogenous and the geologic conditions are complicated and highly changeable，the dispersed and compressed earth anchor cable was accepted in this project to meet the requirement of design load and construction quality. The measurement was made during the proceed of construction，and some successful experiences were obtained.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLAY AROUND THE EXCAVATION UNDER INCREASING OVERLOAD

He Shixiu，Han Gaosheng

2002, 21 (S): 2234-2237

[PDF] 1407 KB (67)

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On the basis of the undisturbed samples of clay from a high building excavation in Wuhan，China and imitated several stress paths that could occur in the excavation erection，a series of laboratory triaxial compression tests are accomplished to research the deformation characteristics of clay under increasing overload. The conclusion of the experimental research can be applied to the deformation calculation of excavation.

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EXPERT SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF BOLT SUPPORTED SURROUNDING ROCK MASSES IN COAL MINE ROADWAY

Han Fengshan， Kang Lixun

2002, 21 (S): 2238-2241

[PDF] 307 KB (112)

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The principle of expert system is combined with knowledge engineering，system science and rock mechanics，and the expert system of classification of bolt supported surrounding rock masses is developed. The developed expert system is easy to use，and the classification result of surrounding rock masses is of significance to bolt support in coal mine roadway.

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DEVELOPMENT STUDY OF PNTS INSPECTING SYSTEM FOR EXISTING PILE INTEGRITY

Liu Nian，Hu Jinsheng，Zhou Bukui，Zhang Wei

2002, 21 (S): 2242-2246

[PDF] 1101 KB (69)

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A newfashioned inspecting system using the technique of sonic reflection——PNTS(piles nondestruc- tive testing system)is delveloped. The feature of soft and hardware for this system is presented，and the results of examing test for this system are given.

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INTERPRETATION ON VERTICAL STATIC LOADING TEST RESULTS OF DRIVEN CAST-IN-SITU PILES

Hu Jinsheng， Zhou Zaosheng， Liu Nian

2002, 21 (S): 2247-2249

[PDF] 370 KB (72)

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Using production piles as test piles is the current trend of static loading test. It is very important how to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of piles with the results of production piles’ static loading test. The data from the reports of 60 driven cast-in-situ piles’ static loading tests in Nanjing are interpreted，and two mathematical models are adopted to study the static loading test results of production piles. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of single pile could quite precisely be determined from such test results with Van Der Veen’s models.

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ELECTRIC MEASUREMENT OF BOLT STRESS AND ITS ENGINEERING APPLICATION

Wang Quanwei1，Li Dong2，Li Jiaxiang1

2002, 21 (S): 2250-2253

[PDF] 805 KB (87)

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The new technology of using electric measurement to detect the wholly grouted bolt stress is introduced. The structure of the resistance strain dynamometer，the mechanical analysis，the electric surveying principle，and the method of measuring mechanical parameters are analyzed and discussed.

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FEASIBILITY OF UNDERGROUND SALT CAVERN STORAGE

Li Jianzhong

2002, 21 (S): 2254-2256

[PDF] 296 KB (63)

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Through discussing the successful experience of underground storage construction in foreign countries，it is indicated that storing oil and gas resource in underground salt cavern storage is a mature applied technology and the trend of development around the world at present or even the future. Combining the foreign successful experience of storage construction with the practical condition of petroleum reserve in our country，the key technological issues in the progress of the design of underground storage construction is discussed，which will be of referenced value and practical significance for the research of underground storage construction project and scientific decision making.

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ANALYSIS ON COAL FLOW MECHANICS FEATURE IN COAL BUNKERS AND ITS APPLICATION IN DESIGNING

Qin Wenlu1， Kong Liang2

2002, 21 (S): 2257-2260

[PDF] 584 KB (67)

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Using the theory of hydro-mechanics and rock mechanics，the coal flow in the coal bunker and the mechanism of arc shape are analyzed. The relational influencing factors are found，and the measures are put forward to improve the fluidity of coal and prevent bunker from blocking.

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ON THE PROBLEMS OF EARTHDAM AGING INDUCED BY DESTRESS

Ma Xiuyuan1， Bai Yongnian2

2002, 21 (S): 2261-2264

[PDF] 616 KB (72)

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Inhomogeneous deformation and destress damage of the earthdam core will probably occur if its filling quality is lower than the standard of design. In this case the cracks may occur in the dam，and the resevoir water permeating the cracks may lead to hydraulic fracture. Usually，people pay no attention to such problems for its concealment. In fact，these problems become more and more serious accompanying with earthdam aging. Analysis is made on the reasons for destress damage. Mathematical calculations are performed and site survey methods are put forward.

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STRESS-DEFORMATION ANALYSIS ON THE ANTI-SEEPAGE CONCRETE WALL OF YELLOW RIVER EMBANKMENT

Liu Jianhua1，Yang Chunlin2

2002, 21 (S): 2265-2268

[PDF] 722 KB (63)

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The stress-deformation analysis is made on the anti-seepage concrete wall of Yellow River embankment using finite element method. The element type，stress-strain relation model of malarial，loading process by grades，water load treating，calculation parameters and calculation result of typical sections，and several conclusions are presented.

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INVESTIGATION ON INSTABILITY MECHANISM AND TREATMENT FOR HIGH SLOPE WITH COUNTER-TILT STRATA

Chen Congxin， Shen Qiang， Ren Qingping

2002, 21 (S): 2269-2271

[PDF] 750 KB (68)

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The analyzing methods on stability of slope with counter-tilt strata are still premature. Based on analysis and treatment for a freeway slope with counter-tilt strata，the common reliable means for the slope is abtained，which probably is a reference for similar engineerings.

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Monitoring and Analysis for Tunnel Excavation in Loess

Chen Jingxi

2002, 21 (S): 2272-2276

[PDF] 717 KB (68)

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Taking the construction of Wanjiazhai soil gallery belonging to the project of diversion project of the Yellow River as an example，the essential factors affecting the stability of tunnel excavation are analysed based upon in-site measurement of deep displacements for surrounding soil-mass，forces on steel ribs for reinforced concrete cage，earth pressures and the compression between two supporting linings. The variation law of the above factors is studied，and some problems which should be considered in monitoring are also put forward.

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evaluation oN influence OF daxie rupture ON ningbo daxie bridge

Li Guangyao

2002, 21 (S): 2277-2279

[PDF] 553 KB (60)

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The location of the Ningbo Daxie Bridge has been decided，and it is rightly bestrides the Daxie rupture and crosses over it with small angle. The Rupture influences engineering construction awfully. The characteristic of engineering geology of the bridge location is introduced，and the influence of the rupture activity on the stability of the bridge foundation is analyzed and evaluated.

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APPLICATION OF MIXING-PILE COMPOSITE FOUNDATION IN GUANGZHOU CITY

Zhang Xiaoguang1， Liu Chongquan2

2002, 21 (S): 2280-2283

[PDF] 572 KB (65)

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As the geology condition is complex in Guangzhou City，the mixing-pile composite foundation is useful to reduce engineering investment and constructing difficulty under appropriate condition. The process of composite foundation designing is discussed in horizontal strata，and the dividing lumps method is presented to calculate the foundations in complex geology condition. The experiential parameters of mixing piles are given and the calculated results are demonstrated by engineering example.

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DESIGN，RESEARCH，AND APPLICATION OF LARGE TONNAGE DISPERSED COMPRESSIVE STRESS ANCHORING CABLES

Li Haiming1，Liu Chengzhou1，Li Xin2，Wei Yongshen1

2002, 21 (S): 2284-2289

[PDF] 1717 KB (82)

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In the light of common usage of tensile anchorage method in rock and soil reinforcement while defence problem remained，the design and application of dispersed compressive stress anchoring cables used in road-slope in Geju city，Yunnan province，is presented. Compressive stress anchorage method is introduced in detail，which is well fitted to soft rock and soil reinforcement with large tonnage. Epoxy-coated and unbonded strand is used as the new material of anchoring cables and it is proved to be efficient against corrosion.