基于CT扫描的巷道岩爆洞壁破坏特征实验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0942

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摘要开展花岗岩巷道岩爆模拟实验，对岩爆后试样进行CT扫描，构建试样的三维空间模型，分析巷道岩爆后洞壁破坏形态，结合试样内部裂纹的几何形态和分布特征，探讨巷道岩爆发展过程及孕育机制。研究结果表明，巷道岩爆后洞壁破坏形态在空间上具有显著的二元性，会形成“V”型与“平底锅”状2种岩爆坑，“V”型岩爆坑窄而深，“平底锅”状岩爆坑宽而浅。岩爆发生位置洞壁出现层裂现象，产生多条与主应力方向近似平行的裂纹，距洞壁距离越远，裂纹长度越短，张拉破裂是其主导的破坏机制；同时岩爆位置附近出现多条与主应力近似垂直的裂纹，这些裂纹的长度比较短，分布在孔洞直径范围内，在孔洞上下超过直径的区域没有发现此类裂纹，其形成机制与剪应力作用有关；与主应力方向平行和垂直的裂纹相互交织、搭接形成圈闭，圈闭内的岩块被弹射后，逐渐形成岩爆坑。板裂屈曲型岩爆孕育发生机制可归纳总结为：板裂化破坏→岩板剪切屈曲断裂→岩块弹射、喷出，板裂化破坏和岩板剪切断裂是岩爆孕育的2个核心过程，分别与张性、剪切破裂有关，张性破裂引发的板裂化破坏为岩爆的发生提供了前期“物质基础”，而剪切裂纹的萌生、扩展为岩爆的发生提供了灾变“诱发因子”，是诱发岩爆灾害的关键。研究结果为揭示巷道岩爆孕育机制提供了有力证据，丰富和完善了对板裂屈曲型岩爆孕育发生机制的认识。

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	梁鹏1
	张艳博1
	孙林1
	姚旭龙1
	田宝柱1
	刘祥鑫1
	黄艳利2
	陈绍杰3

关键词 ：岩石力学, 巷道岩爆, 板裂化, CT技术, 张性裂纹, 孕育机制

Abstract：The simulation test of rockburst in granite roadway is carried out and the three-dimensional space model of rockburst specimen is constructed by CT scanning. The failure mode of tunnel wall after rockburst is analyzed，and the process of rockburst development and its incubation mechanism are discussed based on the geometric shape and distribution characteristics of cracks. The results show that the failure pattern of tunnel wall after rockburst has significant duality in spatial distribution，which include V-shaped and pan-shaped two types of rockburst pits. The V-shaped rockburst pit is narrow and deep，and the pan-shaped rockburst pit is wide and shallow. The spalling phenomenon occurs on the tunnel wall，which produces many cracks approximately parallel to direction of principal stress. The farther away from the tunnel wall，the shorter the crack length，and the tensile fracture is the main failure mechanism. At the same time，many cracks nearly perpendicular to direction of principal stress are formed on the tunnel wall under shear stress，which is distributed within the diameter of the hole. The above cracks parallel and perpendicular to direction of principal stress interleave with each other，and bond to form a trap. After the rocks in the traps are ejected，rockburst pits are gradually formed. The occurrence mechanism of slab buckling rockburst can be summarized as follows：slab cracking failure，shear buckling fracture，rock mass ejection. Slab fracture and shear fracture are two core processes of rockburst，which are related to tension and shear fracture respectively. Among them，the plate cracking caused by tensional fracture provides the material basis of rockburst，and shear crack initiation and propagation provide a catastrophic "inducing factor" for the occurrence of rockburst，which is the key to the occurrence of rockburst. The research results provide strong evidence for revealing the mechanism of rockburst in roadway，which enrich and improve the understanding of the mechanism of slab buckling rockburst.

Key words： rock mechanics tunnel rockburst slabbing failure CT technology tensile crack inoculation mechanism

引用本文:

梁鹏1，张艳博1，孙林1，姚旭龙1，田宝柱1，刘祥鑫1，黄艳利2，陈绍杰3. 基于CT扫描的巷道岩爆洞壁破坏特征实验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2020, 39(S1): 2612-2622.
LIANG Peng1，ZHANG Yanbo1，SUN Lin1，YAO Xulong1，TIAN Baozhu1，LIU Xiangxin1，HUANG Yanli2，CHEN Shaojie3. Experimental study on damage characteristics of tunnel wall after rockburst based on CT scanning. , 2020, 39(S1): 2612-2622.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0942 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2020/V39/IS1/2612

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