黄土地层盾构隧道施工的掘进试验研究

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摘要黄土是一种典型的非饱和结构性土，其强度与土体结构特征密切相关。黄土地层中盾构法隧道施工开挖面稳定性受施工参数影响较大，控制不当容易造成开挖面土体松动或坍塌，严重影响隧道结构安全及周围环境。针对我国首次在黄土地层中修建的地铁盾构隧道西安地铁2号线，采用自主研制的土压平衡式模型盾构机开展室内掘进实验，研究黄土地层条件下盾构掘进对地层的扰动情况以及盾构施工关键参数的匹配问题。研究结果表明，黄土地层中盾构掘进引起的地层横断面沉降曲线与黏性土地层存在差异，曲线形式具体表现为下部呈深V型、上部区域呈缓和的盆状，并得到地层损失率K和地表沉降槽宽度系数i；地表位移时程曲线具有突变性，存在明显的三阶段特点；盾构顶推力的变化直接影响隔舱土压力的变化，掘进过程中隔舱土压力和出土率表现出一定的随机性，出土率有随顶推力的增大而呈减小的趋势，并与推进速度成反比。

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关键词 ：隧道工程, 盾构隧道, 黄土地层, 土体扰动, 施工参数, 室内试验

Abstract：Loess is a typical structured soil，and its strength is closely related to the characteristics of soil structure. The stability of working face is significantly affected by the shield construction parameters in loess strata. Soils around the working face tend to become loose and even collapse if the earth pressure is not properly controlled，which would lead to problems of tunnel structure safety and surrounding environments. Focusing on Xi?an metro line 2(the first metro constructed in loess strata in China)，the paper carried out laboratory test to study ground disturbance induced by shield tunneling and the relationship of the shield construction key parameters in loess strata using the independently designed earth pressure balanced model shield machine. Also，the ground loss ratio K and width parameter of surface settlement trough i in loess strata are obtained. The results show that the shape of settlement curve in transverse section caused by shield tunneling in loess strata is different from that in cohesive soil，which shows the curve is deep V-shaped in lower part and palliative peviform in upper part. The development of surface settlement is mutable and three stages can be observed. The change of thrust force leads to the change in earth pressure directly，and the earth pressure and unearthed rate are somewhat randomly distributed. The unearthed rate has a decrease trend with the increase of thrust force，whilst there is an inversely-proportional relationship between advance speed and unearthed rate.

Key words： tunneling engineering shield tunnel loess strata soil disturbance construction parameters laboratory test

收稿日期: 2013-05-02

引用本文:

何川1，2，李讯1，2，江英超1，2，方勇1，2，谭准1，2. 黄土地层盾构隧道施工的掘进试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(9): 1736-1743.
HE Chuan1，2，LI Xun1，2，JIANG Yingchao1，2，FANG Yong1，2，TAN Zhun1，2. LABORATORY TEST ON SHIELD TUNNELING IN LOESS STRATA. , 2013, 32(9): 1736-1743.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2013/V32/I9/1736

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