雨水入渗致边坡失稳宏细观机制的离心模型试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0728

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摘要为探究降雨作用下雨水入渗特性及其致边坡失稳的宏细观机制，考虑降雨强度和渗透性的影响，分别以石英砂与细砂为土样制备试验坡体，各进行3种不同降雨强度的离心模型试验。试验过程中记录坡体的湿润锋运移特征、坡体破坏模式和特定区域内颗粒运动，并监测坡体不同部位处孔隙水压力的变化。试验结果表明：(1) 降雨作用下，坡体内湿润锋以“椭圆弧状”向深层运移，其运移速率先快后慢。增大降雨强度或渗透系数，湿润锋运移速率也随之增大。(2) 坡体发生不同破坏模式的细观机制是降雨作用下，不同渗透性坡体内细颗粒迁移与流失的情况不同，坡体内高含水率区域位置不同。(3) 坡体渗透性不同，孔隙水压力增长模式不同。当坡体渗透系数较小时，孔隙水压力变化曲线呈I型(单次陡升骤降)增长；当坡体渗透系数较大时，孔隙水压力变化曲线呈II型(多次升降起伏)增长。(4) 不同的孔隙水压力增长模式导致坡体发生不同的破坏模式，引入孔隙水压力峰值点线的斜率k表示坡体破坏的整体性。当孔隙水压力增长模式呈I型时，k较大，坡体发生整体滑动；当孔隙水压力增长模式呈II型时，k较小，坡体逐级发生分块滑动。该研究结果可为降雨型滑坡的防治提供试验依据。

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	曲立强1
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关键词 ：边坡工程, 湿润锋, 孔隙水压力, 离心模型试验, 破坏模式, 渗流特性

Abstract：To explore the rainfall infiltration characteristics and the macro-micro mechanism of rainfall-induced slope instability，three centrifugal modeling tests were conducted under different rainfall intensities for two types of test slopes，respectively，which have different permeabilities(i.e.，test slopes prepared with quartz sand and fine sand). During the tests，the wetting front migration characteristics，the failure mode，and the particle movements in specific areas of the slope were observed and recorded，and the variations of pore water pressure at different positions of the slope were monitored. The test results showed that：(1) During rainfall，the wetting front in the slope migrates to the deeper regions in the form of an elliptic arc，and its migration rate is fast at the beginning but reduces thereafter. With the increase in rainfall intensity or permeability，the wetting front migration rate also increases. (2) The different failure modes of slopes with different permeability result from the different modes of fine particle migration and loss and the different locations of high-water content areas. (3) The pore water pressure growth mode is different in slopes with different permeabilities. When the permeability coefficient of the slope is small，the pore water pressure varies in type Ⅰ with a single steep rise followed by a sharp drop; When the permeability coefficient of the slope is large，the pore water pressure varies in type Ⅱ with multiple rises and drops. (4) Different pore water pressure growth modes lead to different failure modes of the slope，and the slope k of the peak point line of pore water pressure is introduced to represent the integrity of slope failure. When the pore water pressure growth mode is type I，k is larger and the slope slides as a whole. When the pore water pressure growth mode is type II，k is small and the slope slides in the progressive failure mode. The results of this study can provide an experimental basis for the prevention and control of rainfall-induced landslides.

Key words： slope engineering wetting front pore water pressure centrifugal model test failure mode seepage characteristics

引用本文:

曲立强1，杜强1，2，3. 雨水入渗致边坡失稳宏细观机制的离心模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(S2): 3895-3906.
QU Liqiang1，DU Qiang1，2，3. Centrifugal model test study on macro-micro mechanism of slope instability caused by rainwater infiltration. , 2024, 43(S2): 3895-3906.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0728 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/IS2/3895

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