突发型滑坡形成过程中应力–滑动力–变形动态变化特征研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2023.1008

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摘要近年来渐变型滑坡预警研究已取得长足进步，在多起实例中实现了提前预警、预报，但对突发型滑坡预警、预报仍无能为力。围绕滑坡形成演化过程中内部岩土体破裂释放应力–诱发坡表岩体协调变形的内外响应关系，开展应力–滑动力–变形动态变化特征研究，以获取突发型滑坡失稳前兆信息。在滑坡由静态变形向动态滑移过程中，潜在滑面发生局部破裂而初步劣化，整体贯通后受速率效应影响而加速劣化，进而构建考虑滑面局部破裂和加速劣化的参数劣化模型。基于矢量和法计算滑坡抗滑力和下滑力，并建立考虑滑带力学参数的时效劣化力学模型。利用该模型计算滑坡形成演化全过程的力和变形特征，揭示滑坡形成过程中的应力–滑动力–变形阶段性特征。研究结果表明，滑坡应力、滑动力、变形指标表现出明显的阶段性特征，即可分为初始、等速、加速和临滑等阶段；且当滑坡进入临滑阶段前，抗滑力和应力产生的突降早于滑坡变形的急速增加，该发现有助于突发型滑坡的预警、预报。

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	许强
	陈国庆
	魏涛
	王伟
	胡凯云

关键词 ：边坡工程, 滑坡预警, 时效劣化模型, 滑动力

Abstract：The research on early warning of gradual-change landslides has made great progress，and early warning and prediction have been realized in many cases. But the early warning and prediction of sudden-onset landslides are still impotent. Focusing on the internal and external response relationship between the stress release from the rupture of the internal rock and soil body and the coordinated deformation of the rock body on the slope surface in the evolution of landslides，we study the characteristics of the dynamic change of the stress-sliding force-deformation in order to obtain the precursor information of sudden-onset landslide destabilization. In the process of landslide from static deformation to dynamic slip，the potential slip surface is initially deteriorated by local rupture，and then accelerated by the rate effect after the overall penetration. Thus a parameter deterioration model considering the local rupture and accelerated deterioration of the slip surface is constructed. Based on the vector sum method，the landslide resistance and decline force are calculated，and a time-dependent degradation mechanical model considering the deterioration of the mechanical parameters of the slip zone is established. The model is used to calculate the force and deformation characteristics of the whole process of landslide formation and evolution，revealing the stage characteristics of stress-slip force-deformation in the process of landslide formation. The results show that landslide stress，slip force and deformation indicators show obvious stage characteristics，which can be divided into initial，isokinetic，accelerated and near-slip stages. When the landslide enters the near-slip stage，the sudden drop in slip resistance and stress is earlier than the rapid increase in landslide deformation，which is helpful for early warning and prediction of sudden-onset landslides.

Key words： slope engineering landslide warning time-dependent deterioration model sliding force

引用本文:

许强，陈国庆，魏涛，王伟，胡凯云. 突发型滑坡形成过程中应力–滑动力–变形动态变化特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(1): 1-15.
XU Qiang，CHEN Guoqing，WEI Tao，WANG Wei，HU Kaiyun. Dynamic characteristics of stress，sliding force and deformation during the evolution of sudden failure landslide. , 2025, 44(1): 1-15.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2023.1008 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I1/1

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