加锚煤样动态力学性能及变形破坏机制试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0458

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摘要锚固体动态力学性能决定了承载结构的稳定性，是进一步揭示冲击动载作用下锚固承载结构的变形破坏机制的科学基础。采用分离式霍普金森压杆技术(SHPB)研究冲击动载作用下无锚、端锚和全锚3种试件在不同预紧力下的动态力学性能和变形破坏过程，得到加锚煤样动态应力–应变曲线、动态应变场演化特征、锚杆轴力特征，分析锚杆杆体、锚固剂和预紧力在加锚煤样冲击破坏过程中的相互影响规律，揭示加锚煤样动态变形破坏机制。研究结果表明：(1) 冲击动载作用下加锚煤样应力–应变曲线呈现明显的弹–塑性，加锚煤样的动态强度和应变峰值均值随着预紧力增大而提高，其中端锚煤样动态强度比全锚煤样低3.7%～7.9%。(2) 受锚杆与预紧力作用，煤样的裂纹发育及扩展速度变缓，裂纹萌生位置也向两侧转移。随预紧力增大与锚固长度增加，煤样破碎程度降低，其中对全锚煤样影响程度大于端锚煤样。(3) 将煤样与锚杆之间的变形协调过程分为“超前响应”与“滞后响应”两个阶段，其中端锚煤样锚杆的应变响应超前于煤样，全锚煤样锚杆的应变响应滞后于煤样。(4) 冲击载荷作用下试件锚固长度越长、预紧力越大，试件的支护刚度和敏感性越高，锚杆的轴力峰值越低。锚杆预紧力应以不破坏围岩强度及不超过杆体屈服载荷为上限，过高的预紧力将不利于加锚煤体整体的抗冲击性能。研究成果对于受冲击动载扰动巷道锚杆支护机制及围岩锚固承载结构劣化机制具有指导和借鉴意义。

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	李军臣1
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	3
	吴拥政1
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	付玉凯2
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	何思锋2
	3
	孙卓越2
	3
	周鹏赫2
	3

关键词 ：采矿工程, 加锚煤样, 预紧力, 锚固方式, 动载冲击, 霍普金森压杆

Abstract：The dynamic mechanical properties of anchored bodies，which determine the stability of anchor bearing structures，is the scientific basis for further revealing the deformation and failure mechanism of anchor bearing structures under impact dynamic loads. In this study，the dynamic mechanical properties and deformation failure processes of three types(unanchored，end-anchored，and fully-anchored) of specimens subjected to dynamic impact loads under varying pre-tightening forces were investigated with the aid of the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) technique. Based on the test results，the dynamic stress-strain curves，dynamic strain field evolution characteristics，and anchor rod axial force characteristics of anchored coal specimens were yielded. Furthermore，the interactions among anchor rods，anchoring agents，and pre-tightening forces during impact failure of anchored coal specimens were analyzed，and the dynamic deformation and failure mechanism of anchored coal specimens was disclosed. The following beneficial results were obtained：(1) Under dynamic impact loads，the stress-strain curves of anchored coal specimens exhibit significant elastic-plastic behaviors，and their dynamic strength and average peak strain values both grow with the rise of pre-tightening force. Among the three types of specimens，the dynamic strength values of end-anchored specimens are 3.7%–7.9% lower than those of fully-anchored specimens. (2) Affected by anchor rods and pre-tightening forces，crack development and propagation in the specimens slows down，and the position of crack initiation shifts towards both sides. An increase in the pre-tightening force and anchorage length brings about a decrease in the fragmentation degree of specimens，and these two factors exert a stronger influence on fully-anchored specimens than end-anchored specimens. (3) The deformation compatibility process between specimens and anchor rods is divided into two stages，i.e.，“advance response” and “delayed response”. For end-anchored specimens，the strain response of anchor rods precedes that of the specimens. In contrast，for fully-anchored specimens，it lags behind that of the specimens. (4) Under dynamic impact loads，a larger anchoring length and pre-tightening force correspond to a higher support stiffness and sensitivity of specimens and a smaller peak axial force of anchor rods. The pre-tightening force should be controlled below a value that neither diminishes the strength of surrounding rock nor exceeds the yield load of the rod body，as an excessively high pre-tightening force is inconducive to the overall impact resistance of the anchored coal body. These findings are expected to offer guidance and reference for grasping the anchoring mechanism of roadway support under dynamic impact loads and the degradation mechanism of anchored bearing structures in surrounding rock.

Key words： mining engineering anchored coal sample pre-tightening force anchoring method dynamic impact split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)

引用本文:

李军臣1，2，3，吴拥政1，2，3，付玉凯2，3，何思锋2，3，孙卓越2，3，周鹏赫2，3 . 加锚煤样动态力学性能及变形破坏机制试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(4): 912-925.
LI Junchen1，2，3，WU Yongzheng1，2，3，FU Yukai2，3，HE Sifeng2，3，SUN Zhuoyue2，3，ZHOU Penghe2，3 . Experimental investigation on dynamic mechanical properties and deformation failure mechanism of anchored coal samples. , 2025, 44(4): 912-925.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0458 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I4/912

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