RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROCK MECHANICS IN DEEP GROUND ENGINEERING
XIE Heping1，GAO Feng2，JU Yang2，3
(1. Sichan University，Chengdu，Sichuan 610005，China；2. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering，China University of Mining Science and Technology，Xuzhou，Jiangsu 221116，China；3. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safety Mining，China University of Mining Science and Technology，Beijing 100083，China)
Abstract：Rapid development of world economy has been gradually exhausting the shallow mineral resources. More and more attentions have been paid to the mineral exploitation in deeper subsurface of the earth. For examples，current coal mining has reached 1 500 m in depth; geothermal exploitation has reached over 3 000 m，the depth for ferrous metal mining over 4 350 m and for oil and gas development 7 500 m. Therefore，deep mining is an on-going mining industry. However，more and more engineering accidents or hazards have occurred in deep mining. These accidents or hazards are difficult to be predicted with the current theories or experiences because the mechanical behaviors in deeper ground have not been well understood. On the other hand，current research and development in rock mechanics cannot solve the practical problems in deep ground engineering. A novel research and development scheme should be specially designed for deep ground engineering. Particularly，fundamental concepts and basic theory of rock mechanics should be revisited for deep ground engineering. For examples，what is the deep ground engineering？Is it measurable by the depth of ground？What is the essential difference of the mechanical properties of rock in shallower and deeper subsurface？Can the classical rock mechanics be applied to describe the mechanical behaviors of rocks in deep ground？How can the black box of rock mechanics in deep ground be revealed during the mining induced disturbance？How does engineering activity such as the development and storage of energy，CO2 sequestration and nuclear waste disposal in deep environments(such as earthquake，geology，geochemistry，geothermal environment as well as microbial environment) affect the micro-scale variation of rock？These are the fundamental questions in rock mechanics for deep ground engineering. This paper revisits these fundamental concepts by taking the rock mechanics in coal mining as an example. Our results showed that hydrostatic pressure was a typical stress state in deep ground engineering. Deep ground was defined by its stress state instead of its depth. Based on this concept of stress state，we proposed a framework of rock mechanics for mining process in terms of stress paths. Such a framework is different from the classical rock mechanics. Furthermore，a visualization technology was then developed for the investigation of rock mechanics in deep ground. This technology combined the CT scanning，the 3D printing，the reconstruction technology with fractal analysis and the stress freezing technology. This visualization technology provided transparent observation of the disturbance of stress during mining，the development of fractures，the volumetric breaking，the plastic instability and the micro-seepage.
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2015, Vol. 34 
