考虑离散裂隙网络非线性渗流的岩体渗透特性研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0189

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摘要针对传统线性渗流理论在复杂裂隙条件下适用性不足的问题，提出一种融合Izbash方程经验优势与Forchheimer方程理论框架的岩体渗透系数计算模型。基于黄龙抽水蓄能电站工程地质条件，采用Monte-Carlo随机方法，构建研究区三维裂隙网络模型，结合数值模拟结果与现场钻孔压水试验数据，系统分析裂隙几何特征、网络连通性与非线性渗流特性的作用机制。研究结果表明：渗流参数p与透水率q呈明显的指数关系，当p＞8.65时，裂隙网络完全连通，渗透各向异性显著减弱；当p＜4.28时，模型有效渗流面积缩减71.3%，最大流速降幅达76.21%。与规范公式相比，该模型通过引入非达西流效应因子E，提升了中高透水率（1～30 Lu）岩体渗透系数的计算精度，在描述惯性效应与局部涡流能量耗散方面更具优势。

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	孙意成1
	魏玉峰1
	胡舒寒2
	秦兴州1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 裂隙网络, 非线性渗流, 渗透特性, 压水试验

Abstract：To address the limitations of traditional linear seepage theory under complex fracture conditions, a novel rock mass permeability coefficient is introduced. This model integrates the empirical advantages of the Izbash equation with the theoretical framework of the Forchheimer equation. Based on the geological conditions of the Huanglong Pumped Storage Power Station project, a three-dimensional fracture network model was developed using the Monte Carlo stochastic method. Through numerical simulations and in-situ borehole water pressure test data, this research systematically examines the interaction mechanisms among fracture geometric characteristics, network connectivity, and nonlinear seepage behavior. The results reveal the following: (1) A distinct exponential relationship exists between the seepage parameter p and the water permeability rate q. Complete fracture network connectivity is achieved when p＞8.65, which is accompanied by a significant reduction in permeability anisotropy. (2) For p＜4.28, the effective seepage area decreases by 71.3%, with a maximum velocity reduction of 76.21%. (3) Compared to conventional empirical formulas, the proposed model enhances the calculation accuracy of rock mass permeability coefficients in medium to high permeability conditions (1–30 Lu) by incorporating a non-Darcy flow effect factor E. This innovation demonstrates superior performance in characterizing inertial effects and local vortex energy dissipation mechanisms.

Key words： rock mechanics fracture network non-linear flow permeability pressure packer test

引用本文:

孙意成1，魏玉峰1，胡舒寒2，秦兴州1. 考虑离散裂隙网络非线性渗流的岩体渗透特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(9): 2444-2455.
SUN Yicheng1, WEI Yufeng1, HU Shuhan2, QIN Xingzhou1. Permeability characteristics of rock masses incorporating nonlinear flow behaviors in discrete fracture networks. , 2025, 44(9): 2444-2455.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0189 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I9/2444

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[23]	XING K，MA L，QIAN J，et al. Experimental and numerical study on the Izbash equation coefficients in rough single fractures[J]. Physics of Fluids，2023，35(12)：126603.
[24]	许凯，雷学文，孟庆山，等. 非达西渗流惯性系数研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(1)：164-170.(XU Kai，LEI Xuewen，MENG Qingshan，et al. Study of inertial coefficient of non-Darcy seepage flow[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(1)：164-170.(in Chinese))
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[25]	SUKOP M C，HUANG H，ALVAREZ P F，et al. Evaluation of permeability and non‐Darcy flow in vuggy macroporous limestone aquifer samples with lattice Boltzmann methods[J]. Water Resources Research，2013，49(1)：216-230.
[38]	HEITFELD K H. Hydrogeological and engineering geological investigations on permeability of dam foundations in Sauerland[J]. Germany Geol Mitt，1965，5：210.
[26]	CHERUBINI C，GIASI C I，PASTORE N. Bench scale laboratory tests to analyze non-linear flow in fractured media[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences，2012，16(8)：2 511-2 522.
[39]	HVORSLEV M L. Time lag and soil permeability in groundwater observations[R]. [S. l.]：Waterways Experiment Station Corps of Engineers U. S. Army Vicksburg Mississippi，1951.
[27]	周新，盛建龙，叶祖洋，等. 岩体粗糙裂隙几何特征对其Forchheimer型渗流特性的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报，2021，43(11)：2 075-2 083.(ZHOU Xin，SHENG Jianlong，YE Zuyang，et al. Effects of geometrical feature on Forchheimer-flow behavior through rough-walled rock fractures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2021，43(11)：2 075-2 083.(in Chinese))
[40]	中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. NB/T 35113—2018水电工程钻孔压水试验规程[S]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社，2018.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. NB/T 35113—2018 Specification for Water pressure test in borehole of hydropower projects[S]. Beijing：China Water and Power Press，2018.(in Chinese))
[28]	ZHANG Z Y，NEMCIK J. Fluid flow regimes and nonlinear flow characteristics in deformable rock fracture[J]. Journal of Hydrology，2013，477：139-151.
[29]	JAVADI M，SHARIFZADEH M，SHAHRIAR K，et al. Critical Reynolds number for nonlinear flow through rough-walled fractures：The role of shear processes[J]. Water Resources Research，2014，50(2)：1 789-1 804.
[30]	孟如真，胡少华，陈益峰，等. 高渗压条件下基于非达西流的裂隙岩体渗透特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(9)：1 756-1 764.(MENG Ruzhen，HU Shaohua，CHEN Yifeng，et al. Permeability of non-Darcian flow in fractured rock mass under high seepage pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(9)：1 756-1 764.(in Chinese))
[31]	BOUR O，DAVY P. Connectivity of random fault networks following a power law fault length distribution[J]. Water Resources Research，1997，33(7)：1 567-1 583.
[32]	吴顺川，周喻，高永涛，等. 等效岩体随机节理三维网络模型构建方法研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(增1)：3 082-3 090. (WU Shunchuan，ZHOU Yu，GAO Yongtao，et al. Research on construction method of stochastic joints 3D-network model of equivalent rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(Supp.1)：3 082-3 090.(in Chinese))
[33]	LI W，WANG Z，QIAO L. Determination of REV size and equivalent permeability coefficient of fractured rock masses from the perspective of fracture network connectivity[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2024，173：106590.
[34]	WANG Z C，LI W，BI L P，et al. Estimation of the REV size and equivalent permeability coefficient of fractured rock masses with an emphasis on comparing the radial and unidirectional flow configurations[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2018，51：1 457-1 471.
[35]	LIU J，WANG Z C，QIAO L P，et al. An equivalent fracture length-based numerical method for modeling nonlinear flow in 2D fracture networks[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2024，176：106753
[36]	中华人民共和国国家标准编写组. GB 50487—2008水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S]. 北京：中国计划出版社，2008.( The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. GB 50487—2008 Code for engineering geological investigation of water resources and hydropower[S]. Beijing：China Planning Publishing House，2008.(in Chinese))
[37]	KUTZNER C. Grouting of Rock and Soil[M]. Netherlands：Balkema，1996.
[38]	HEITFELD K H. Hydrogeological and engineering geological investigations on permeability of dam foundations in Sauerland[J]. Germany Geol Mitt，1965，5：210.
[39]	HVORSLEV M L. Time lag and soil permeability in groundwater observations[R]. [S. l.]：Waterways Experiment Station Corps of Engineers U. S. Army Vicksburg Mississippi，1951.
[40]	中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. NB/T 35113—2018水电工程钻孔压水试验规程[S]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社，2018.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. NB/T 35113—2018 Specification for Water pressure test in borehole of hydropower projects[S]. Beijing：China Water and Power Press，2018.(in Chinese))