(1. College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;2. Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)
Abstract:In order to investigate the bonding performance between the distributed optical fiber sensor and rock mass of Grotto Temple,a series of surface bonding tests were carried out using two different types of Grotto Temple sandstone and three kinds of adhesives with different components. The interface bonding strength,deformation characteristics and failure mode were analyzed,and then the influence mechanism of adhesive and rock type on the bonding strength was discussed. The results indicate that:(1) for all different adhesives,the bonding strength between sandstone with compact structure and distributed optical fiber sensor was higher than loose sandstone?s. For the same sandstone samples,the bonding performance of cyanoacrylate adhesive is better than polyurethane and epoxy resin. (2) It was found that the expression of the load-displacement curves of distributed optical fiber sensor and sandstone bonding tests is very similar to the expression of the axial force of the bolt based on the nonlinear fitting. (3) The failure modes of the interfaces of distributed optical fiber sensor and sandstone are divided into fiber sensor sheath broken,rock surface rupture,fiber sensor and adhesive layer separation and fiber sensor and fixture separation. (4) The penetration range and bonding shape of adhesive are related to adhesive viscosity,curing time and porosity of rock sample. Bonding strength has a significant effect on the failure modes of the interfaces of distributed optical fiber sensor and sandstone. The research results can provide a technical support for the application of distributed optical fiber sensor in the field of rock mass stability monitoring of Grotto Temple.
[1] 石玉成,蔡红卫,徐晖平. 石窟文物抗震安全评价方法研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2 804–2 808.(SHI Yucheng,CAI Hongwei,XU Huiping. Study on seismic safety evaluation method of grotto relics[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2 804–2 808(in Chinese))
[2] 安 程,吕 宁,张 荣,等. 预防性保护理念对我国石窟寺保护的影响与实践[J]. 东南文化,2020,277(5):13–19.(AN Cheng,LU Ning,ZHANG Rong,et al. The influence and practice of preventive protection concept on the protection of grotto temples in China[J]. Southeast Culture,2020,277(5):13–19.(in Chinese))
[3] CHEN W W,GUO Z Q,ZHANG J K,et al. Evaluation of long-term stability of Mogao Grottoes Caves under enhanced loading conditions of tourists[J]. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2018,32(4):04018048.
[4] 祝诗平,李鸿征,朱杰斌等. 传感器与检测技术[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,北京大学出版社,2006:206.(ZHU Shiping,LI Hongzheng,ZHU Jiebin,et al. Sensor and detection technology[M] Beijing:Chinese Forestry Publishing House,Peking University Press,2006:206.(in Chinese))
[5] JIA G,JAMES A E,LI X,et al. Bidirectional soft silicone curvature sensor based on off-centered embedded fiber bragg grating[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2016,28(20):2 237–2 240.
[6] LUN T,WANG K,HO D L,et al. Real-time surface shape sensing for soft and flexible structures using fiber bragg gratings[J]. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters,2019,4(2):1 454–1 461.
[7] HILL K O,FUJII Y,JOHNSON D C,et al. Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filter fabrication[J]. Applied Physics Letters,1978,32(10):647–649.
[8] 丁 勇,施 斌,隋海波. 隧道结构健康监测系统与光纤传感技术[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(4):375–380.(DING Yong,SHI Bin,SUI Haibo. Tunnel structure health monitoring system and optical fiber sensing technology[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2005,25(4):375–380.(in Chinese))
[9] 李焕强,孙红月,刘永莉,等. 光纤传感技术在边坡模型试验中的应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1 703–1 708.(LI Huanqiang,SUN Hongyue,LIU Yongli,et al. Application of optical fiber sensing technology in slope model test[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1 703–1 708.(in Chinese))
[10] 陶 珺,穆 磊,杜 平. 基于InGaAs光谱成像技术的光纤光栅传感器在大坝渗流监测系统的应用[J]. 光子学报,2010,39(1):42–46.(TAO Jun,MU Lei,DU Ping. Application of fiber Bragg grating sensor based on InGaAs spectral imaging technology in dam seepage monitoring system[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2010,39(1):42–46.(in Chinese))
[11] 朱鸿鹄,殷建华,靳 伟,等. 基于光纤光栅传感技术的地基基础健康监测研究[J]. 土木工程学报,2010,43(6):109–115.(ZHU Honghu,YIN Jianhua,JIN Wei,et al. Research on foundation health monitoring based on fiber Bragg grating sensing technology[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(6):109–115.(in Chinese))
[12] PEI H F,CUI P,YIN J H,et al. Monitoring and warning of landslides and debris flows using an optical fiber sensor technology[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2011,8(5):728–738.
[13] 施 斌,徐洪钟,张 丹,等. BOTDR应变监测技术应用在大型基础工程健康诊断中的可行性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):493–499.(SHI Bin,XU Hongzhong,ZHANG Dan,et al. Feasibility study on application of BOTDR strain monitoring technology in health diagnosis of large foundation engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):493–499.(in Chinese))
[14] 刘 雄. 光纤传感技术在岩土力学与工程中的应用研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):588–591.(LIU Xiong. Application of optical fiber sensing technology in geotechnical mechanics and engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):588–591.(in Chinese))
[15] 姜云辉,王金华,黎利兵,等. 石窟岩体稳定性监测系统应用与研究[J]. 文物保护与考古科学,2014,26(4):70–75.(JIANG Yunhui,WANG Jinhua,LI Libing,et al. Application and research of rock mass stability monitoring system in grottoes[J]. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2014,26(4):70–75.(in Chinese))
[16] 王 珺,党小超. 基于物联网的麦积山石窟环境监测系统设计[J]. 集成电路应用,2019,36(2):50–51.(WANG Jun,DANG Xiaochao. Design of environment monitoring system for Maijishan Grottoes based on internet of things[J]. Application of Integrated Circuit,2019,36(2):50–51.(in Chinese))
[17] 熊丽君,袁明珠,吴建强. 大数据技术在生态环境领域的应用综述[J]. 生态环境学报,2019,28(12):2 454–2 463.(XIONG Lijun,YUAN Mingzhu,WU Jianqiang. Overview of the application of big data technology in the field of ecological environment[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2019,28(12):2 454–2 463.(in Chinese))
[18] 林 波,王旭东,郭青林,等. 敦煌莫高窟第108窟西壁岩体内温湿度变化规律研究[J]. 敦煌研究,2013,137(1):86–91.(LIN Bo,WANG Xudong,GUO Qinglin,et al. Study on the variation of temperature and humidity in the rock mass on the west wall of Cave 108 of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes[J]. Dunhuang Research,2013,137(1):86–91.(in Chinese))
[19] 施 斌,张 丹,朱鸿鹄. 地质与岩土工程分布式光纤监测技术[M]. 1版. 北京:科学出版社,2019:14–17.(SHI bin,ZHANG dan,ZHU Honghu. Distributed optical fiber monitoring technology for geology and geotechnical engineering[M]. 1st ed. Beijing:Science Press,2019:14–17.(in Chinese))
[20] 李东升,李宏男. 埋入式封装的光纤光栅传感器应变传递分析[J]. 力学学报,2005,37(4):435–440.(LI Dongsheng,LI Hongnan. Strain transfer analysis of embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2005,37(4):435–440.(in Chinese))
[21] 吴入军,张晓峰,郑百林,等. 光纤布拉格光栅传感器应变传递双向耦合分析[J]. 光子学报,2020,49(8):64–73.(WU Rujun,ZHANG Xiaofeng,ZHENG Bailin,et al. Bidirectional coupling analysis of strain transfer in fiber Bragg grating sensors[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2020,49(8):64–73.(in Chinese))
[22] 柴 敬,邱 标,魏世明,等. 岩层变形检测的植入式光纤Bragg光栅应变传递分析与应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报报,2008,27(12):2 551–2 556.(CHAI Jing,QIU Biao,WEI Shiming,et al. Strain transfer analysis and application of implantable fiber Bragg grating for rock deformation detection[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2 551–2 556.(in Chinese))
[23] WEE J,HACKNEY D,BRADFORD P,et al. Experimental study on directionality of ultrasonic wave coupling using surface-bonded fiber Bragg grating sensors[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology,2017,36(4):932–938.
[24] SANG-WOO K. Characteristics of strain transfer and the reflected spectrum of a metal-coated fiber Bragg grating sensor[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2017,96:83–93.
[25] FALCETELLI F,ROSSI L,DI SANTE R,et al. Strain transfer in surface-bonded optical fiber sensors[J]. Sensors,2020,20(11):3 100.
[26] 吴入军,郑百林,贺鹏飞,等. 埋入式光纤布拉格光栅传感器封装结构对测量应变的影响[J]. 光学精密工程,2014,22(1):24–30.(WU Jinjun,ZHENG Bailin,HE Pengfei,et al. Effect of embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor packaging structure on strain measurement[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering,2014,22(1): 24–30.(in Chinese))
[27] 王旭东. 庆阳北石窟寺抢险加固工程勘察报告[R]. 敦煌:敦煌研究院,2018:8–10.(WANG Xudong. Investigation report of Qingyang North Grotto Temple Reinforcement Project[R]. Dunhuang:Dunhuang Research Institute,2018:8–10.(in Chinese))
[28] 张虎元,杨盛清,孙 博,等. 石质文物盐害类型与蒸发速率的关系研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2021,40(增2):3 284–3 294. (ZHANG Huyuan,YANG Shengqing,SUN Bo,et al. Study on the relationship between salt damage type and evaporation rate of stone relics[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2021,40(Supp.2):3 284–3 294.(in Chinese))
[29] 杨 盛,韦 荃,蒋 成,等. 四川省安岳石窟圆觉洞保护修补材料研究[J]. 文博,2019,(3):74–80.(YANG Sheng,WEI Quan,JIANG Cheng,et al. Research on protection and repair materials of Yuanjue cave in Anyue Grottoes in Sichuan Province[J]. Wenbo,2019,(3):74–80.(in Chinese))
[30] 张景科,郭青林,李最雄,等. 土遗址锚固机制初探[M]. 1版. 兰州:兰州大学出版社,2014:228–234.(ZHANG Jingke,GUO Qinglin,LI Zhixiong,et al. Preliminary study on anchoring mechanism of earthen sites[M]. 1st ed. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,2014:228–234.(in Chinese))
[31] 秦理哲. 柳杉木材胶合与胶合界面表征[硕士学位论文][D]. 南宁:广西大学,2014.(QIN Lizhe. Wood bonding and bonding interface characterization of cryptomeria fortune[M. S. Thesis][D]. Nanning:Guangxi University,2014.(in Chinese))