基于统一相场模型的岩石裂纹扩展及损伤演化特性研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0664

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摘要基于统一相场模型，对高强石膏类岩石试样的单轴压缩试验进行数值模拟试验，并结合DIC试验结果，分析岩石裂纹扩展和损伤演化机制。结果表明：单裂纹岩石试样的裂纹扩展是岩石内部应力集中导致损伤不断积累的结果；裂纹起裂时的裂纹驱动力存在阈值，其大小与材料有关，可以用其评估岩石裂纹起裂的难易程度；裂纹宽度和长度变化曲线与岩石破坏过程具有高度的相关性，可以将岩石破坏分为弹性、裂纹萌生、宏观裂纹出现、裂纹扩展贯通4个阶段；随着裂纹倾角的增加，岩石的破坏类型从拉伸裂纹主导下的张拉破坏转变为剪切裂纹主导下的剪切破坏；裂纹与加载方向的夹角越小，裂纹起裂的位置越靠近岩石预制裂纹端部的压应力集中区，导致裂纹驱动力受到的制约性越强，需要更大的荷载才能达到裂纹起裂的阈值，从机制上解释了裂纹倾角大的岩石微裂纹发育更充分、裂纹长度曲线更光滑的现象。双裂纹岩石试样的裂纹扩展路径受到周围分布的应力场制约，岩桥区是否发生贯通破坏取决于岩桥区的应力类型。研究表明相场法数值模拟对促进岩石裂纹扩展和损伤演化机制的认识具备良好应用前景。

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	相福斌1
	赵程1
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	幸金权1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 统一相场模型, COMSOL, 裂纹扩展, 损伤演化

Abstract：Based on the unified phase field model, the mechanism of crack propagation and damage evolution of rock materials is analyzed. A numerical uniaxial compression test of high-strength gypsum is conducted，and combined with the DIC test results，the analysis presents the following facts. First，the crack propagation of a single crack rock sample is the result of the continuous accumulation of damage caused by the concentration of stress in rock. Second，a threshold value of crack driving force at crack initiation exists，which is related to the rock material，and can be used to evaluate the difficulty of rock crack initiation. Third，the curve of crack width and length has a high correlation with the rock failure process，so the rock failure can be divided into four stages：elasticity，crack initiation，macro crack occurrence，crack propagation and penetration. Fourth，the failure type of rock gradually changes from tensile failure，which is dominated by tensile crack，to shear failure，which is dominated by shear crack with the increase of crack dip angle. Fifth，the smaller the angle between the crack and the loading direction，the closer the crack initiation position is to the compressive stress concentration area at the end of the rock precast crack，resulting in the stronger restriction of the crack driving force，and the greater the load is required to reach the threshold of crack initiation，which explains the phenomenon that the rock microcrack with large crack inclination develops more fully and the crack length curve is smoother from the mechanism. Last，the crack propagation path of the double crack rock sample is restricted by the surrounding stress field，and whether the rock bridge area has through failure depends on the stress type of the rock bridge area. In conclusion，this study shows that the unified phase field model can be used to study the mechanism of crack propagation and the damage evolution of rock.

Key words： rock mechanics unified phase field model COMSOL crack propagation damage evolution

引用本文:

相福斌1，赵程1，2，幸金权1 . 基于统一相场模型的岩石裂纹扩展及损伤演化特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(S1): 3519-3528.
XIANG Fubin1，ZHAO Cheng1，2，XING Jinquan1. Research on crack propagation and damage evolution of rock based on the unified phase-field theory. , 2023, 42(S1): 3519-3528.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0664 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/IS1/3519

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