砂质泥岩三轴卸荷蠕变试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.1528

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摘要为了揭示深部软弱地层开挖卸荷后围岩流变力学特性，开展砂质泥岩恒轴压逐级卸围压三轴卸荷蠕变试验，研究软岩轴向、侧向和体积蠕变规律和卸荷流变过程中偏应力–应变关系特性。主要结论有：(1) 每卸除一级应力(10 MPa)产生的瞬时变形、蠕变变形、蠕变变形相对该级荷载下的瞬时变形的比值、蠕变变形占总变形量百分比均随偏应力的增加而增大，围压越低蠕变变形增加的幅度越大；(2) 随着围压逐级卸荷，岩石内部产生竖向张性微裂纹，微裂纹的萌生和扩展使得卸围压瞬时产生较明显的侧向变形，且蠕变过程中微裂纹将发生与应力水平相应的时效扩展，产生黏塑性变形；(3) 岩石在时效条件下的渐进破坏的本质是损伤随时间的逐渐累积，并伴随着裂纹的时效扩展，统称为时效损伤破裂；(4) 随着围压逐级卸荷，偏应力增大，历史上经历的卸荷级数多、蠕变时间长，试样内部积累的不可恢复应变和损伤越多，时效损伤破裂越剧烈，在该级荷载条件下轴压低的试样其流变速率越大，蠕变变形量越大，卸荷效应和流变特征更加明显，同时伴随显著的侧向扩容，导致蠕变扩容；(5) 卸荷和蠕变所产生的损伤和塑性变形对后续力学行为影响非常显著。

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	黄兴1
	刘泉声1
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	康永水1
	潘玉丛1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 深部软弱地层, 砂质泥岩, 三轴卸荷蠕变试验, 时效损伤破裂, 蠕变扩容

Abstract：In order to reveal the rheological mechanical characteristics of deep soft ground，triaxial creep tests unloading the confining pressure step by step with constant axial pressure of sandy mudstone are carried out. The axial，lateral and volumetric creep law of weak rock and the deviatoric stress–strain relationship in the process of unloading rheological are studied. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The instantaneous deformation，creep deformation，ratio between creep and instantaneous deformation，proportion between creep and total deformation under each unloading step increase with the deviator stress，and the increment of creep deformation is larger under the lower confining pressure. (2) With the confining pressure unloaded gradually，vertical tensile micro cracks are induced in the internal of rock，micro cracks initiation and propagation will lead to larger lateral deformation at the confining pressure unloading transient，and will extent time-dependently in the creep process corresponding to the stress level，plastic deformation occurs at the same time. (3) The nature of the gradual failure under condition of rheological unloading is the damage accumulation with time，and accompanied by crack extension，which is called time-dependent damage and fracture. (4) As the confining pressure unloading step by step，the deviator stress，unloading steps in history and the experienced creep time increase，which results in the irrecoverable strain and damage of the rock sample increasing，the accumulated time-dependent damage and fracture are more intense，the rheological rate and creep deformation of the sample is bigger under which the axial load is smaller under this stress level，and the unloading effect and the rheological characteristics is more apparent，accompanied by significant lateral expansion at the same time，leading to remarkable creep dilatancy. (5) Unloading creep damage and plastic deformation has significant influence to subsequent mechanical behavior.

Key words： rock mechanics deep soft ground sandy mudstone triaxial unloading creep test time-dependent damage and rupture creep dilatancy

引用本文:

黄兴1，刘泉声1，2，3，康永水1，潘玉丛1. 砂质泥岩三轴卸荷蠕变试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(S1): 2653-2662.
HUANG Xing1，LIU Quansheng1，2，3，KANG Yongshui1，PAN Yucong1. Triaxial unloading creep experimental study of sandy mudstone. , 2016, 35(S1): 2653-2662.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.1528 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2016/V35/IS1/2653

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