花岗岩破裂过程力学特性与能量耗散试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0546

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摘要为研究花岗岩在围压作用下的破裂过程与失效特征，开展不同围压下常规三轴与循环加卸载试验和声发射监测，对比研究2种应力路径下的力学参数演化、声发射特征、能量耗散规律及围压效应。结果表明：(1) 2种应力路径下，岩石的峰值强度、残余强度、轴向峰值应变、弹性模量和泊松比随围压增大而增大，不同围压循环加卸载条件下的弹性模量小于常规三轴，泊松比大于常规三轴；(2) 常规三轴岩样的振铃率与裂纹扩展阶段具有良好的对应关系，循环加卸载下岩样的声发射活动存在明显的Kaiser效应，循环加卸载下的峰值振铃率大于常规三轴；(3) 不同围压下，随轴向应变增大，循环加卸载的输入能、耗散能和弹性能先增大后减小，常规三轴的输入能和耗散能逐渐增大，弹性能先增大后减小；(4) 2种应力路径下，输入能、耗散能和弹性能随围压增大而增大，二者输入能大小接近，常规三轴的耗散能较大，循环加卸载的残余弹性能较大。揭示的花岗岩试样破坏规律对深部地下工程稳定性分析、岩体参数劣化规律以及灾害防控均具有重要参考意义。

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	马永安1
	2
	于崇1
	2
	李海波1
	2
	梁志强3
	刘亚群1
	2
	李邵军1
	2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 花岗岩, 三轴循环加卸载, 力学特性, 声发射, 能量耗散

Abstract：The conventional triaxial and cyclic loading-unloading tests with acoustic emission monitoring at different confining pressures were conducted to investigate the fracture process and failure characteristics of granite under confining pressure. This study compares the evolution of mechanical parameters，acoustic emission characteristics，energy dissipation patterns，and the effects of confining pressure under two stress paths. The results indicate that：(1) under both stress paths，peak strength，residual strength，axial peak strain，elastic modulus，and Poisson?s ratio increase with the confining pressure. The elastic modulus during cyclic loading-unloading is lower than that observed in conventional triaxial tests，while the Poisson?s ratio is higher. (2) The ringing ratio in conventional triaxial tests correlates well with the crack propagation stage of the rock samples，whereas the acoustic emission activity during cyclic loading-unloading exhibits a clear Kaiser effect，with a higher peak ringing ratio compared to conventional triaxial tests. (3) As axial strain increases，the input energy，dissipated energy，and elastic energy for cyclic loading-unloading initially increase and then decrease，while for conventional triaxial tests，both input and dissipated energies gradually increase，and the elastic energy follows a similar trend. (4) Under both stress paths，input energy，dissipated energy，and elastic energy increase with confining pressure，with both paths exhibiting similar input energy levels. However，the dissipated energy in conventional triaxial tests is greater，while the residual elastic energy in cyclic loading-unloading is higher. The failure patterns revealed in this study provide significant insights for the stability analysis of deep underground engineering，the degradation patterns of rock parameters，and disaster prevention and control strategies.

Key words： rock mechanics granite triaxial cyclic loading and unloading mechanical properties acoustic emission energy dissipation

引用本文:

马永安1，2，于崇1，2，李海波1，2，梁志强3，刘亚群1，2，李邵军1，2. 花岗岩破裂过程力学特性与能量耗散试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(5): 1313-1325.
MA Yongan1，2，YU Chong1，2，LI Haibo1，2，LIANG Zhiqiang3，LIU Yaqun1，2，LI Shaojun1，2. Experimental study on the mechanical properties and energy dissipation of granite during the fracturing process. , 2025, 44(5): 1313-1325.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0546 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I5/1313

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