不同剪切位移下矿物结构对花岗岩结构面剪切特性的影响

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0178

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摘要花岗岩结构面在不同的演化历史下会形成不同的矿物结构，同时在断层活动和褶皱作用等构造运动中经历不同的剪切位移。为探究不同剪切位移下不同矿物结构对花岗岩结构面剪切力学性质的影响，对4种不同花岗岩粗糙结构面，开展3种剪切位移下的直剪试验，分析剪切过程中的剪切力学特性、声发射演化规律和宏细观破裂损伤特征，并探讨剪切位移和矿物结构对花岗岩结构面剪切特性的作用机制。研究结果表明：（1）随着剪切位移的增加，结构面的抗剪强度降低，剪胀曲线呈双线性变化；粗粒花岗岩结构面的抗剪强度显著高于细粒，并且紧密的矿物结构和粒径较大的石英矿物可以增加结构面的抗剪强度。（2）随着剪切位移的增加，结构面的黏滑幅值增大，并在临界位移处达到最大值；细粒花岗岩结构面的黏滑幅值普遍大于粗粒，并且石英越多的细粒花岗岩结构面黏滑幅值越高。（3）随着剪切位移的增加，结构面进入声发射活跃状态所需时间减少；粗粒花岗岩结构面峰前更容易发生低频高能的声发射事件，而细粒花岗岩结构面在黏滑过程中大幅值的声发射事件更多，并且到达临界位移时，结构面上小幅值的声发射事件增多。（4）剪切位移较小时，结构面损伤以二阶微凸体的磨损啃断为主，随剪切位移的增加，磨损量先增加后减小并趋于稳定；粒径近似时，拥有较多石英矿物和紧密晶界的结构面所产生的细观损伤更少，粗粒花岗岩岩壁的损伤区域相比细粒更大但过渡区更小。研究成果揭示了矿物结构和剪切位移共同作用下花岗岩结构面的力学响应机制，为岩体工程灾变机制分析和稳定性评价提供试验依据。

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	张俊楠
	王斐笠
	孟凡震
	修占国
	许正阳
	高健
	张煜敏

关键词 ：岩石力学, 花岗岩结构面, 黏滑, 剪切位移, 矿物结构, 声发射

Abstract：Granite fractures develop distinct mineral structures at various stages of evolution and experience different shear displacements during tectonic movements, including fault activities and folding. To investigate the coupled effects of shear displacement and mineral structure on the shear properties of granite fractures, direct shear tests were conducted on four different types of split granite fractures at three distinct shear displacements. The study examined the shear mechanical properties, acoustic emission (AE) evolution patterns, and macro-and mesoscopic damage characteristics. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms by which shear displacements and mineral structures influence the shear behavior of granite fractures were elucidated. Experimental results indicate that (1) with increasing shear displacement, the shear strengths of granite fractures decrease, and the shear dilation curves exhibit a bilinear trend. Coarse-grained granite fractures (CGF) demonstrate higher shear strengths than fine-grained fractures (FGF), and the presence of compact mineral textures and larger quartz grains enhances the shear strength of granite fractures. (2) The stick-slip amplitudes increase with shear displacement, peaking at the critical displacement. FGF generally exhibit larger stick-slip amplitudes than CGF, and a higher quartz content further amplifies this effect. (3) The time required to reach an active AE state decreases with increasing shear displacement. CGF tend to generate low-frequency, high-energy AE events before peak strength, while FGF produce more high-amplitude AE events during stick-slip. The critical displacement thresholds trigger a proliferation of low-magnitude AE activities. (4) Shear damage is primarily characterized by the wear and breakage of secondary asperities at low shear displacements. As shear displacement increases, wear production initially increases before entering a decreasing regime, ultimately stabilizing. When mineral grain sizes are comparable, fractures with higher quartz content and tighter grain boundaries exhibit less microscopic damage. CGF develop larger damage zones but have shorter transition regions compared to FGF. The influence of mineral structures and shear displacement on the shear behavior of granite fractures was clarified, providing experimental support for the analysis of catastrophic failure mechanisms and stability assessments in rock mass engineering.

Key words： rock mechanics granite fractures stick-slip shear displacement mineral structures acoustic emission

引用本文:

张俊楠，王斐笠，孟凡震，修占国，许正阳，高健，张煜敏. 不同剪切位移下矿物结构对花岗岩结构面剪切特性的影响[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(10): 2775-2792.
ZHANG Junnan, WANG Feili, MENG Fanzhen, XIU Zhanguo, XU Zhengyang, GAO Jian, ZHANG Yumin. Effects of mineral structures on the shear response of granite fractures under different shear displacements. , 2025, 44(10): 2775-2792.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0178 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I10/2775

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