Degradation mechanism and equivalent simulation method of shear strength of limestone stylolite under immersion
YANG Chao1, 2, LI Tianyi1, 2, WANG Jiao1, 2, JIANG Haonan2, XIONG Yun2, 3, PAN Huixiong3
(1. Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China; 2. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang,
Hubei 443002, China; 3. Kaili Highway Administration of Guizhou Province, Kaili, Guizhou 556099, China)
Abstract： Limestone is relatively dense and has low permeability. Its internal structural weak planes act as conduits for water within the rock mass, potentially leading to engineering instability and failure. To examine the degradation characteristics and mechanisms of the shear mechanical properties of limestone stylolite under immersion, the stylolite was categorized based on field investigations, and specimens were prepared for testing. The findings showed that stylolite with a width of b < 1 mm exhibited similar characteristics to limestone. The impact of immersion was primarily evident in the reduction of cohesion, though this decline was not substantial (approximately 11.0%). Stylolite with 1 mm ≤ b ≤ 5 mm and b > 5 mm predominantly demonstrated a decline in the internal friction angle after immersion. The reduction rates reached 21.2% and 30.9%, respectively. The stylolite is composed of suture membranes on both sides and metasomatic dolomite in the middle. Stylolite comprising metasomatic dolomite with a width of b < 1 mm is exceedingly rare. The infiltration of water primarily weakens the bonding force between the membrane and the bedrock. Stylolite with a width of 1 mm ≤ b ≤ 5 mm and b > 5 mm are more susceptible to sliding and a reduction in the internal friction angle after immersion, due to the dissolution of the dolomite at the edges. The analysis demonstrates that the solubility of metasomatic dolomite is closely related to the reduction in the internal friction angle, which can be employed to quantify the impact of immersion on the stylolite. Based on these findings, a simulation method for assessing the weakening of interface units due to changes in suture solubility was proposed. The deformation curve and failure process calculated by this method are in good agreement with the test results and effectively simulate the frictional sliding of particles during the shear process of the sample. This can serve as a reference and a source of guidance for the simulation of limestone sutures.
杨 超，黄 达，蔡 睿，等. 张开穿透型单裂隙岩体三轴卸荷蠕变特性试验[J]. 岩土力学，2018，39(1)：53-62.(YANG Chao，HUANG Da，CAI Rui，et al. Triaxial unloading creep tests on rock mass with an open and penetrating flaw[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2018，39(1)：53-62.(in Chinese))
[2]
骆祚森，赵凌云，曹 旭，等. 酸蚀作用下灰岩抗拉特性及化学损伤机制研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2025，待刊.(LUO Zuosen，ZHAO Lingyun，CAO Xu，et al. Study on the tensile properties and chemical damage mechanism of limestone under acid erosion[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2025，to be pressed.(in Chinese))
[3]
CASTELLANZA R，NOVA R. Oedometric tests on artificially weathered carbonatic soft rocks[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering，2004，130(7)：728-739.
[4]
CIANTIA M O，CASTELLANZA R，PRISCO C. Experimental study on the water-induced weakening of calcarenites[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2014，48(2)：441-461.
[5]
WANG L，YIN Y P，HUANG B L，et al. Damage evolution and stability analysis of the Jianchuandong dangerous rock mass in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Engineering Geology，2020，265：105439.
[6]
CHEN S L，FENG X T，LI S J. Effects of chemical erosion on uniaxial compressive strength and meso-fracturing behaviors of rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2003，22(4)：547-551.
[7]
林兴超，凌永玉，汪小刚，等. 典型结构面分布型式节理岩体室内直剪试验研究[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报，2021，19(1)：45-54.(LIN Xingchao，LING Yongyu，WANG Xiaogang，et al. Effect of two joints distribution on mechanical behavior of jointed rock under shear test[J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，2021，19(1)：45-54.(in Chinese))
[8]
曹俊杰. 基于直剪试验的节理岩体破坏演化特征研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 北京：中国地质大学(北京)，2017.(CAO Junjie. Study on failure evolution characteristics of jointed rock mass based on direct shear test[M. S. Thesis][D]. Beijing：China University of Geosciences (Beijing)，2017.(in Chinese))
[9]
段玲玲，邓华锋，齐 豫，等. 水-岩作用下单裂隙灰岩渗流特性演化规律研究[J]. 岩土力学，2020，41(11)：3 671-3 679.(DUAN Lingling，DENG Huafeng，QI Yu，et al. Study on the evolution of seepage characteristics of single-fractured limestone under water-rock interaction[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2020，41(11)：3 671- 3 679.(in Chinese))
[10]
尹志明. 地下开采扰动下缓倾高陡灰岩边坡变形破坏规律与稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D]. 重庆：重庆大学，2021.(YIN Zhiming. Study on deformation and failure law and stability of gently inclined high steep limestone slope under underground mining disturbance[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Chongqing：Chongqing University，2021.(in Chinese))
[11]
胡力文. 川北寒武系碳酸盐岩压溶-胶结作用的影响因素及减孔效应[硕士学位论文][D]. 北京：中国石油大学(北京)，2023.(HU liwen. Influencing factors and pore-reducing effects of pressure solution and cementation in Cambrian carbonate rocks in the northern Sichuan Basin[M. S. Thesis][D]. Beijing：China University of Geosciences (Beijing)，2023.(in Chinese))
[12]
王 轩，高 岗，李佳烨，等. 碳酸盐岩缝合线与基质的排烃效应——以川东地区石炭系和奥陶系碳酸盐岩为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质，2017，38(3)：534-542.(WANG Xuan，GAO Gang，LI Jiaye，et al. Hydrocarbon expulsion of stylolite and matrix in carbonate rocks：A case study from the Ordovician and Carboniferous carbonate rocks in Eastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil and Gas Geology，2017，38(3)：534-542.(in Chinese))
[13]
KOEHN D，ROOD M P，BEAUDOIN N，et al. A new stylolite classification scheme to estimate compaction and local permeability variations[J]. Sedimentary Geology，2016，346：60-71.
[14]
BAUD P，ROLLAND A，HEAP M，et al. Impact of stylolites on the mechanical strength of limestone[J]. Tectonophysics，2016，690：4-20.
[15]
陈云飞，张 鹏，黄波林，等. 考虑岩体劣化的库岸典型危岩体破坏过程与长期稳定性分析[J]. 地质力学学报，2022，28(6)：938-947.(CHEN Yunfei，ZHANG Peng，HUANG Bolin，et al. Failure process and long-term stability analysis of typical unstable rock mass in the Three Gorges Reservoir area considering rock mass deterioration[J]. Journal of Geomechanics，2022，28(6)：938-947.(in Chinese))
[16]
中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. DZ/T 0276.25—2015 岩石物理力学性质试验规程[S]. 北京：中国标准出版社，2015.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. DZ/T 0276.25—2015 Regulation for testing the physical and mechanical properties of rock[S]. Beijing：Standards Press of China，2015.(in Chinese))
[17]
吴起鑫，韩贵琳，唐 杨. 三峡水库坝前水体水化学及溶解无机碳时空分布特征[J]. 环境科学学报，2012，32(3)：654-661.(WU Qixin，HAN Guilin，TANG Yang. Temporal and spatial variation of water chemistry and dissolved inorganic carbon isotope characterization in Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae，2012，32(3)：654-661.(in Chinese))
[18]
郑 涛，秦先燕，吴剑雄. 店埠河流域地表水-地下水水化学特征及其成因分析[J]. 环境科学，2024，45(2)：813-825.(ZHENG Tao，QIN Xianyan，WU Jianxiong. Hydrochemical characteristics and its origin of surface water and groundwater in Dianbu river basin[J]. Environmental Science，2024，45(2)：813-825.(in Chinese))
[19]
黄润秋. 岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(8)：1 525-1 544.(HUANG Runqiu. Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(8)：1 525-1 544.(in Chinese))
[20]
杨 超，蒋淏南，岳六一，等. 法向卸荷条件下非贯通节理岩体剪切力学特性试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2022，44(9)：1 741-1 750. (YANG Chao，JIANG Haonan，YUE Liuyi，et al. Shear mechanical properties of rock mass with discontinuous joints under unloading normal stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2022，44(9)：1 741-1 750.(in Chinese))
[21]
陈海波，杨双锁，牛少卿. 含水压倾斜裂隙砂岩力学与渗流特性研究[J]. 煤炭技术，2022，41(6)：120-124.(CHEN Haibo，YANG Shuangsuo，NIU Shaoqing. Triaxial study on mechanics and seepage characteristics of water-bearing inclined fractured sandstone[J]. Coal Technology，2022，41(6)：120-124.(in Chinese))
[22]
王广伟. 白云岩化作用与白云岩孔隙的形成——来自实验模拟交代反应的启示[J]. 沉积学报，2024，42(2)：632-642.(WANG Guangwei. Dolomitization and dolomite pore formation：insights from experimentally simulated replacement[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica，2024，42(2)：632-642.(in Chinese))
[23]
蔡杰兴. 缝合线特征及成因机制[J]. 岩石学报，1990，(2)：51-61. (CAI Xingjie. Characteristics of sutures and their forming menchanism[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica，1990，(2)：51-61.(in Chinese))
[24]
杨 超，王 娇，董星辰，等. 不同岩桥角度双裂隙砂岩单轴蠕变试验及三维数值模拟[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2023，42(10)：2 466-2 477.(YANG Chao，WANG Jiao，DONG Xingchen，et al. Uniaxial creep test and three-dimensional numerical simulation of double flawed sandstone with different rock bridge angles[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2023，42(10)：2 466-2 477.(in Chinese))
[25]
胡力文，邹华耀，杨伟强，等. 川北寒武系碳酸盐岩压溶作用的影响因素[J]. 现代地质，2023，37(5)：1 221-1 231.(HU Liwen，ZOU Huayao，YANG Weiqiang，et al. Controlling factors of pressure dissolution of cambrian carbonate in the Northern Sichuan[J]. Geoscience，2023，37(5)：1 221-1 231.(in Chinese))
[26]
BAUD P，ROLLAND A，HEAP M，et al. Impact of stylolites on the mechanical strength of limestone[J]. Tectonophysics，2016，690：4-20.
2025, Vol. 44 
